architecture/docs/preso/04-ATTF/attf.tex

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\title{D4 Project}
\subtitle{Open and collaborative network monitoring}
\author{TEAM CIRCL}
\titlegraphic{\includegraphics[scale=0.20]{../../logos/d4-logo.pdf}}
\institute{Team CIRCL \\ \url{https://www.d4-project.org/}}
\date{2019/10/16}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\maketitle
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Problem statement}
\begin{itemize}
\item CSIRTs (or private organisations) build their {\bf own honeypot, honeynet or blackhole monitoring network}
\item Designing, managing and operating such infrastructure is a tedious and resource intensive task
\item {\bf Automatic sharing} between monitoring networks from different organisations is missing
\item Sensors and processing are often seen as blackbox or difficult to audit
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Objective}
\begin{itemize}
\item Based on our experience with
MISP\footnote{\url{https://github.com/MISP/MISP}} where sharing
played an important role, we transpose the model in D4 project
\item Keeping the protocol and code base {\bf simple and minimal}
\item Allowing every organisation to {\bf control and audit their own sensor network}
\item Extending D4 or {\bf encapsulating legacy monitoring protocols} must be as simple as possible
\item Ensuring that the sensor server has {\bf no control on the sensor} (unidirectional streaming)
\item Don't force users to use dedicated sensors and allow {\bf flexibility of sensor support} (software, hardware, virtual)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 Overview}
\includegraphics[scale=0.38]{../../diagram/d4-overview.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 Overview - Connecting Sensor Networks}
\includegraphics[scale=0.46]{../../diagram/mixing-d4-1.pdf}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{(short) History}
\begin{itemize}
\item D4 Project (co-funded under INEA CEF EU program) started - {\bf 1st November 2018}
\item D4 encapsulation protocol version 1 published - {\bf 1st December 2018}
\item v0.1 release of the D4 core\footnote{\url{https://www.github.com/D4-project/d4-core}} including a server and simple D4 C client - {\bf 21st January 2019}
\item First version of a golang D4
client\footnote{\url{https://www.github.com/D4-project/d4-goclient/}}
running on ARM, MIPS, PPC and x86 - {\bf 14th February 2019}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{(short) History}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}%
{>{\setlength\hsize{0.6\hsize}\raggedright}X%
>{\setlength\hsize{0.4\hsize}\raggedright}X}
\hline
Release & Date \tabularnewline
\hline
analyzer-d4-passivedns-v0.1 & Apr. 5, 2019 \tabularnewline
analyzer-d4-passivessl-0.1 & Apr. 25, 2019 \tabularnewline
analyzer-d4-pibs-v0.1 & Apr. 8, 2019 \tabularnewline
BGP-Ranking-1.0 & Apr. 25, 2019 \tabularnewline
BGP-Ranking-1.1 & Aug. 19, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-core-v0.1 & Jan. 25, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-core-v0.2 & Feb. 14, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-core-v0.3 & Apr. 8, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-goclient-v0.1 & Feb. 14, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-goclient-v0.2 & Apr. 8, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-sensor-generator-v0.1 & Aug. 22, 2019 \tabularnewline
d4-server-packer-0.1 & Apr. 25, 2019 \tabularnewline
IPASN-History-1.0 & Apr. 25, 2019 \tabularnewline
IPASN-History-1.1 & Aug. 19, 2019 \tabularnewline
sensor-d4-tls-fingerprinting-0.1 & Apr. 25, 2019 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}
see \url{https://github.com/D4-Project}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Roadmap - output}
CIRCL will host a server instance for organisations willing to
contribute to a public dataset without running their own D4 server:
\begin{itemize}
\item [\checkmark] Blackhole DDoS
\item [\checkmark] Passive DNS
\item [\checkmark] Passive SSL
\item Gene\footnote{\url{https://github.com/0xrawsec/gene}} / WHIDS\footnote{\url{https://github.com/0xrawsec/whids}} (sysmon)
\item BGP mapping
\item egress filtering mapping
\item Radio-Spectrum monitoring: 802.11, BLE, \sout{GSM}, etc.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 encapsulation protocol}
\includegraphics[scale=0.38]{../../diagram/d4-protocol-encapsulation.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 Header}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
Name & bit size& Description\\
\hline
version & uint 8 & Version of the header \\
type & uint 8 & Data encapsulated type\\
uuid & uint 128 & Sensor UUID\\
timestamp & uint 64 & Encapsulation time\\
hmac & uint 256 & Authentication header (HMAC-SHA-256-128)\\
size & uint 32 & Payload size\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 Header}
\framesubtitle{Types}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
Type & Description\\
\hline
0 & Reserved\\
1 & pcap (libpcap 2.4)\\
2 & meta header (JSON)\\
3 & generic log line\\
4 & dnscap output\\
5 & pcapng (diagnostic)\\
6 & generic NDJSON or JSON Lines\\
7 & generic YAF (Yet Another Flowmeter)\\
8 & passivedns CSV stream\\
254 & type defined by meta header (type 2)\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 meta header}
\framesubtitle{Meta types}
D4 header includes an easy way to {\bf extend the protocol} (via type 2) without altering the format. Within a D4 session, the initial D4 packet(s) type 2 defines
the custom headers and then the following packets with type 254 is the custom data encapsulated.
\small
\input{meta.tex}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server}
\begin{itemize}
\item D4 core server\footnote{\url{https://github.com/D4-project/d4-core}} is a complete server to handle clients (sensors) including the decapsulation of the D4 protocol, control of sensor registrations, management of decoding protocols and dispatching to adequate decoders/analysers.
\item D4 server is written in Python 3.6 and runs on standard GNU/Linux distribution.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server handling}
D4 server reconstructs the encapsulated stream from the D4 sensor and saves it in a Redis stream.
\begin{itemize}
\item Support TLS connection
\item Unpack D4 header
\item Verify client secret key (HMAC)
\item check blocklist
\item Filter by types (Only accept one connection by type-UUID - except: type 254)
\item Discard incorrect data
\item Save data in a Redis Stream (unique for each session)
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server - management interface}
The D4 server provides a {\bf web interface} to manage D4 sensors, sessions and analyzer.
\begin{itemize}
\item Get Sensors status, errors and statistics
\item Get all connected sensors
\item Manage Sensors (stream size limit, secret key, ...)
\item Manage Accepted types
\item UUID/IP blocklist
\item Create Analyzer Queues
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server - main interface}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./d4-5.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server - server management}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./d4-2.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server - server management}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./d4-3.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server - sensor overview}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./d4-1.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 server - sensor management}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./d4-4.png}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{}
\begin{center}
{\bf A distributed Network telescope to observe DDoS attacks}
\end{center}
\vspace{10pt}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{eventhorizon.png}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Motivation}
DDoS Attacks produce an observable side-effect:
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.8}{\input{bsvol.tex}}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{What can be derived from backscatter traffic?}
\begin{itemize}
\item External point of view on ongoing Denial of Service attacks:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf Confirm} if there is a DDoS attack
\item {\bf Recover} time line of attacked targets
\item {\bf Confirm} which services (DNS, webserver, $\dots$)
\item {\bf Observe} Infrastructure changes
\end{itemize}
\item {\bf Assess the state of an infrastructure under denial of service attack}
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf Detect} failure/addition of intermediate network equipments, firewalls, proxy servers etc
\item {\bf Detect} DDoS mitigation devices
\end{itemize}
\item {\bf Create} models of DoS/DDoS attacks
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{D4 in this setting}
D4 - for data collection and processing:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf provide} various points of observation in non contiguous address space,
\item {\bf aggregate} and {\bf mix} backscatter traffic collected from D4 sensors,
\item {\bf perform} analysis on big amount of data.
\end{itemize}
D4 - from a end-user perspective:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf provide} backscatter analysis results,
\item {\bf provide} daily updates,
\item {\bf provide} additional relevant (or pivotal) information (DNS, BGP, etc.),
\item {\bf provide} an API and search capabilities.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{First release}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\checkmark]
analyzer-d4-pibs\footnote{\url{https://github.com/D4-project/analyzer-d4-pibs}}, an analyzer for a D4 network sensor:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf processes} data produced by D4 sensors (pcaps),
\item {\bf displays} potential backscatter traffic on standard output,
\item {\bf focuses} on TCP SYN flood in this first release.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
{\bf Passive DNS}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Problem statement}
\begin{itemize}
\item CIRCL (and other CSIRTs) have their own passive DNS\footnote{\url{https://www.circl.lu/services/passive-dns/}} collection mechanisms
\item Current {\bf collection models} are affected with DoH\footnote{DNS over HTTPS} and centralised DNS services
\item DNS answers collection is a tedious process
\item {\bf Sharing Passive DNS stream} between organisation is challenging due to privacy
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Potential Strategy}
\begin{itemize}
\item Improve {\bf Passive DNS collection diversity} by being closer to the source and limit impact of DoH (e.g. at the OS resolver level)
\item Increasing diversity and {\bf mixing models} before sharing/storing Passive DNS records
\item Simplify process and tools to install for {\bf Passive DNS collection by relying on D4 sensors} instead of custom mechanisms
\item Provide a distributed infrastructure for mixing streams and filtering out the sharing to the validated partners
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{First release}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\checkmark]
analyzer-d4-passivedns\footnote{\url{https://github.com/D4-project/analyzer-d4-passivedns}}, an analyzer for a D4 network sensor:
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf processes} data produced by D4 sensors (in passivedns CSV format\footnote{\url{https://github.com/gamelinux/passivedns}}),
\item{\bf ingests} these into a {\bf Passive DNS server} which can be queried later to search for the Passive DNS records,
\item{\bf provides} a lookup server (using on
redis-compatible backend) that is a Passive DNS REST server compliant to the Common Output Format\footnote{\url{https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-dulaunoy-dnsop-passive-dns-cof-04}}.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\begin{center}
{\bf Passive SSL revamping}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Objectives - TLS Fingerprinting}
{\bf Keep} a log of links between:
\begin{itemize}
\item x509 certificates,
\item ports,
\item IP address,
\item client (ja3),
\item server (ja3s),
\end{itemize}
\begin{displayquote}
``JA3 is a method for creating SSL/TLS client fingerprints that should be easy to produce on any platform and can be easily shared for threat intelligence.''\footnote{https://github.com/salesforce/ja3}
\end{displayquote}
{\bf Pivot} on additional data points during Incident Response
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Objectives - Mind your Ps and Qs}
{\bf Collect} and {\bf store} x509 certificates and TLS sessions:
\begin{itemize}
\item Public keys type and size,
\item moduli and exponents,
\item curves parameters.
\end{itemize}
{\bf Detect} anti patterns in crypto:
\begin{itemize}
\item Shared Public Keys,
\item Moduli that share one prime factor,
\item Moduli that share both prime factor,
\item Small factors,
\item Nonces reuse / common preffix or suffix, etc.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{First release}
\begin{itemize}
\item[\checkmark] sensor-d4-tls-fingerprinting
\footnote{\url{github.com/D4-project/sensor-d4-tls-fingerprinting}}:
{\bf Extracts} and {\bf fingerprints} certificates, and {\bf computes} TLSH fuzzy hash.
\item[\checkmark] analyzer-d4-passivessl
\footnote{\url{github.com/D4-project/analyzer-d4-passivessl}}:
{\bf Stores} Certificates / PK details in a PostgreSQL DB.
\item snake-oil-crypto
\footnote{\url{github.com/D4-project/snake-oil-crypto}}:
{\bf Performs} crypto checks, push results in MISP for notification
\item lookup-d4-passivessl
\footnote{\url{github.com/D4-project/lookup-d4-passivessl}}:
{\bf Exposes} the DB through a public REST API.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Future}
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf Sensitive information sanitization} by specialized analyzers
\item {\bf Previewing datasets} collected in D4 sensor network and providing {\bf open data stream} (if contributor agrees to share under specific conditions)
\item {\bf Leverage MISP sharing communities} to augment Threat
Intelligence, and provide accurate metrology.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Use it}
\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf Manage} your own sensors and servers, {\bf find} shameful bugs and
{\bf fill} in github issues
\item Even better, {\bf send} Pull Requests!
\item {\bf Share} data to public servers to improve the datasets (and detection,
response, etc.)
\item {\bf Feed} your MISP instances with D4's findings - {\bf Share} yours
\item {\bf Leech} data, {\bf write} your own analyzers, {\bf do} research
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Get in touch if you want to join the project, host a sensor or contribute}
\begin{itemize}
\item Collaboration can include research partnership, sharing of collected streams or improving the software.
\item Contact: info@circl.lu
\item \url{https://github.com/D4-Project}
\item \url{https://twitter.com/d4_project}
\item \url{https://d4-project.org}
\begin{itemize}
\item
\href{https://d4-project.org/2019/05/28/passive-dns-tutorial.html}{Passive DNS tutorial}
\item
\href{https://d4-project.org/2019/06/17/sharing-between-D4-sensors.html}{Data
sharing tutorial}
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}