cti-python-stix2/stix2/equivalence/patterns/compare/comparison.py

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"""
Comparison utilities for STIX pattern comparison expressions.
"""
import base64
import functools
from stix2.patterns import (
_ComparisonExpression, AndBooleanExpression, OrBooleanExpression,
ListObjectPathComponent, IntegerConstant, FloatConstant, StringConstant,
BooleanConstant, TimestampConstant, HexConstant, BinaryConstant,
ListConstant
)
from stix2.equivalence.patterns.compare import generic_cmp, iter_lex_cmp
_COMPARISON_OP_ORDER = (
"=", "!=", "<>", "<", "<=", ">", ">=",
"IN", "LIKE", "MATCHES", "ISSUBSET", "ISSUPERSET"
)
_CONSTANT_TYPE_ORDER = (
# ints/floats come first, but have special handling since the types are
# treated equally as a generic "number" type. So they aren't in this list.
# See constant_cmp().
StringConstant, BooleanConstant,
TimestampConstant, HexConstant, BinaryConstant, ListConstant
)
def generic_constant_cmp(const1, const2):
"""
Generic comparator for most _Constant instances. They must have a "value"
attribute whose value supports the builtin comparison operators.
:param const1: The first _Constant instance
:param const2: The second _Constant instance
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
return generic_cmp(const1.value, const2.value)
def bool_cmp(value1, value2):
"""
Compare two boolean constants.
:param value1: The first BooleanConstant instance
:param value2: The second BooleanConstant instance
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
# unwrap from _Constant instances
value1 = value1.value
value2 = value2.value
if (value1 and value2) or (not value1 and not value2):
result = 0
# Let's say... True < False?
elif value1:
result = -1
else:
result = 1
return result
def hex_cmp(value1, value2):
"""
Compare two STIX "hex" values. This decodes to bytes and compares that.
It does *not* do a string compare on the hex representations.
:param value1: The first HexConstant
:param value2: The second HexConstant
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
bytes1 = bytes.fromhex(value1.value)
bytes2 = bytes.fromhex(value2.value)
return generic_cmp(bytes1, bytes2)
def bin_cmp(value1, value2):
"""
Compare two STIX "binary" values. This decodes to bytes and compares that.
It does *not* do a string compare on the base64 representations.
:param value1: The first BinaryConstant
:param value2: The second BinaryConstant
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
bytes1 = base64.standard_b64decode(value1.value)
bytes2 = base64.standard_b64decode(value2.value)
return generic_cmp(bytes1, bytes2)
def list_cmp(value1, value2):
"""
Compare lists order-insensitively.
:param value1: The first ListConstant
:param value2: The second ListConstant
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
# Achieve order-independence by sorting the lists first.
sorted_value1 = sorted(
value1.value, key=functools.cmp_to_key(constant_cmp)
)
sorted_value2 = sorted(
value2.value, key=functools.cmp_to_key(constant_cmp)
)
result = iter_lex_cmp(sorted_value1, sorted_value2, constant_cmp)
return result
_CONSTANT_COMPARATORS = {
# We have special handling for ints/floats, so no entries for those AST
# classes here. See constant_cmp().
StringConstant: generic_constant_cmp,
BooleanConstant: bool_cmp,
TimestampConstant: generic_constant_cmp,
HexConstant: hex_cmp,
BinaryConstant: bin_cmp,
ListConstant: list_cmp
}
def object_path_component_cmp(comp1, comp2):
"""
Compare a string/int to another string/int; this induces an ordering over
all strings and ints. It is used to perform a lexicographical sort on
object paths.
Ints and strings compare as usual to each other; ints compare less than
strings.
:param comp1: An object path component (string or int)
:param comp2: An object path component (string or int)
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
# both ints or both strings: use builtin comparison operators
if (isinstance(comp1, int) and isinstance(comp2, int)) \
or (isinstance(comp1, str) and isinstance(comp2, str)):
result = generic_cmp(comp1, comp2)
# one is int, one is string. Let's say ints come before strings.
elif isinstance(comp1, int):
result = -1
else:
result = 1
return result
def object_path_to_raw_values(path):
"""
Converts the given ObjectPath instance to a list of strings and ints.
All property names become strings, regardless of whether they're *_ref
properties; "*" index steps become that string; and numeric index steps
become integers.
:param path: An ObjectPath instance
:return: A generator iterator over the values
"""
for comp in path.property_path:
if isinstance(comp, ListObjectPathComponent):
yield comp.property_name
if comp.index == "*" or isinstance(comp.index, int):
yield comp.index
else:
# in case the index is a stringified int; convert to an actual
# int
yield int(comp.index)
else:
yield comp.property_name
def object_path_cmp(path1, path2):
"""
Compare two object paths.
:param path1: The first ObjectPath instance
:param path2: The second ObjectPath instance
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
if path1.object_type_name < path2.object_type_name:
result = -1
elif path1.object_type_name > path2.object_type_name:
result = 1
else:
# I always thought of key and index path steps as separate. The AST
# lumps indices in with the previous key as a single path component.
# The following splits the path components into individual comparable
# values again. Maybe I should not do this...
path_vals1 = object_path_to_raw_values(path1)
path_vals2 = object_path_to_raw_values(path2)
result = iter_lex_cmp(
path_vals1, path_vals2, object_path_component_cmp
)
return result
def comparison_operator_cmp(op1, op2):
"""
Compare two comparison operators.
:param op1: The first comparison operator (a string)
:param op2: The second comparison operator (a string)
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
op1_idx = _COMPARISON_OP_ORDER.index(op1)
op2_idx = _COMPARISON_OP_ORDER.index(op2)
result = generic_cmp(op1_idx, op2_idx)
return result
def constant_cmp(value1, value2):
"""
Compare two constants.
:param value1: The first _Constant instance
:param value2: The second _Constant instance
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
# Special handling for ints/floats: treat them generically as numbers,
# ordered before all other types.
if isinstance(value1, (IntegerConstant, FloatConstant)) \
and isinstance(value2, (IntegerConstant, FloatConstant)):
result = generic_constant_cmp(value1, value2)
elif isinstance(value1, (IntegerConstant, FloatConstant)):
result = -1
elif isinstance(value2, (IntegerConstant, FloatConstant)):
result = 1
else:
type1 = type(value1)
type2 = type(value2)
type1_idx = _CONSTANT_TYPE_ORDER.index(type1)
type2_idx = _CONSTANT_TYPE_ORDER.index(type2)
result = generic_cmp(type1_idx, type2_idx)
if result == 0:
# Types are the same; must compare values
cmp_func = _CONSTANT_COMPARATORS.get(type1)
if not cmp_func:
raise TypeError("Don't know how to compare " + type1.__name__)
result = cmp_func(value1, value2)
return result
def simple_comparison_expression_cmp(expr1, expr2):
"""
Compare "simple" comparison expressions: those which aren't AND/OR
combinations, just <path> <op> <value> comparisons.
:param expr1: first _ComparisonExpression instance
:param expr2: second _ComparisonExpression instance
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
result = object_path_cmp(expr1.lhs, expr2.lhs)
if result == 0:
result = comparison_operator_cmp(expr1.operator, expr2.operator)
if result == 0:
# _ComparisonExpression's have a "negated" attribute. Umm...
# non-negated < negated?
if not expr1.negated and expr2.negated:
result = -1
elif expr1.negated and not expr2.negated:
result = 1
if result == 0:
result = constant_cmp(expr1.rhs, expr2.rhs)
return result
def comparison_expression_cmp(expr1, expr2):
"""
Compare two comparison expressions. This is sensitive to the order of the
expressions' sub-components. To achieve an order-insensitive comparison,
the ASTs must be canonically ordered first.
:param expr1: The first comparison expression
:param expr2: The second comparison expression
:return: <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the first arg is less, equal or
greater than the second
"""
if isinstance(expr1, _ComparisonExpression) \
and isinstance(expr2, _ComparisonExpression):
result = simple_comparison_expression_cmp(expr1, expr2)
# One is simple, one is compound. Let's say... simple ones come first?
elif isinstance(expr1, _ComparisonExpression):
result = -1
elif isinstance(expr2, _ComparisonExpression):
result = 1
# Both are compound: AND's before OR's?
elif isinstance(expr1, AndBooleanExpression) \
and isinstance(expr2, OrBooleanExpression):
result = -1
elif isinstance(expr1, OrBooleanExpression) \
and isinstance(expr2, AndBooleanExpression):
result = 1
else:
# Both compound, same boolean operator: sort according to contents.
# This will order according to recursive invocations of this comparator,
# on sub-expressions.
result = iter_lex_cmp(
expr1.operands, expr2.operands, comparison_expression_cmp
)
return result