add_visitor - take 2
parent
522e9cedd0
commit
03cceb827d
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@ -68,3 +68,31 @@ cache.sqlite
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# PyCharm
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.idea/
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### macOS template
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# General
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.DS_Store
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.AppleDouble
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.LSOverride
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# Icon must end with two \r
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Icon
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# Thumbnails
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._*
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# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
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.DocumentRevisions-V100
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.fseventsd
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.Spotlight-V100
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.TemporaryItems
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.Trashes
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.VolumeIcon.icns
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.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
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# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
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.AppleDB
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.AppleDesktop
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Network Trash Folder
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Temporary Items
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.apdisk
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@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
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import importlib
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import inspect
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import six
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from stix2patterns.grammars.STIXPatternLexer import STIXPatternLexer
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from stix2patterns.grammars.STIXPatternParser import (
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STIXPatternParser, TerminalNode,
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)
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from stix2patterns.grammars.STIXPatternVisitor import STIXPatternVisitor
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from stix2patterns.validator import STIXPatternErrorListener
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from stix2.patterns import _BooleanExpression
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from antlr4 import CommonTokenStream, InputStream
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# need to import all classes because we need to access them via globals()
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from .patterns import *
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def collapse_lists(lists):
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result = []
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for c in lists:
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if isinstance(c, list):
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result.extend(c)
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else:
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result.append(c)
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return result
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def values_only(things):
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values = []
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for x in things:
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if not isinstance(x, TerminalNode):
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values.append(x)
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return values
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# This class defines a complete generic visitor for a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser.
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class STIXPatternVisitorForSTIX2(STIXPatternVisitor):
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classes = {}
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def __init__(self, module_suffix, module_name):
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if module_suffix and module_name:
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self.module_suffix = module_suffix
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if STIXPatternVisitorForSTIX2.classes == {}:
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module = importlib.import_module(module_name)
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for k, c in inspect.getmembers(module, inspect.isclass):
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STIXPatternVisitorForSTIX2.classes[k] = c
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else:
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self.module_suffix = None
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super(STIXPatternVisitor, self).__init__()
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def get_class(self, class_name):
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if class_name in STIXPatternVisitorForSTIX2.classes:
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return STIXPatternVisitorForSTIX2.classes[class_name]
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else:
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return None
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def instantiate(self, klass_name, *args):
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klass_to_instantiate = None
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if self.module_suffix:
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klass_to_instantiate = self.get_class(klass_name + "For" + self.module_suffix)
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if not klass_to_instantiate:
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# use the classes in python_stix2
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klass_to_instantiate = globals()[klass_name]
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return klass_to_instantiate(*args)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#pattern.
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def visitPattern(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return children[0]
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressions.
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def visitObservationExpressions(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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if len(children) == 1:
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return children[0]
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else:
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return FollowedByObservationExpression([children[0], children[2]])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionOr.
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def visitObservationExpressionOr(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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if len(children) == 1:
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return children[0]
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else:
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return self.instantiate("OrObservationExpression", [children[0], children[2]])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionAnd.
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def visitObservationExpressionAnd(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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if len(children) == 1:
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return children[0]
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else:
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return self.instantiate("AndObservationExpression", [children[0], children[2]])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionRepeated.
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def visitObservationExpressionRepeated(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("QualifiedObservationExpression", children[0], children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionSimple.
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def visitObservationExpressionSimple(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("ObservationExpression", children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionCompound.
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def visitObservationExpressionCompound(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("ObservationExpression", children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionWithin.
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def visitObservationExpressionWithin(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("QualifiedObservationExpression", children[0], children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#observationExpressionStartStop.
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def visitObservationExpressionStartStop(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("QualifiedObservationExpression", children[0], children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#comparisonExpression.
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def visitComparisonExpression(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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if len(children) == 1:
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return children[0]
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else:
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if isinstance(children[0], _BooleanExpression):
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children[0].operands.append(children[2])
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return children[0]
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else:
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return self.instantiate("OrBooleanExpression", [children[0], children[2]])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#comparisonExpressionAnd.
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def visitComparisonExpressionAnd(self, ctx):
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# TODO: NOT
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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if len(children) == 1:
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return children[0]
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else:
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if isinstance(children[0], _BooleanExpression):
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children[0].operands.append(children[2])
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return children[0]
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else:
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return self.instantiate("AndBooleanExpression", [children[0], children[2]])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestEqual.
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def visitPropTestEqual(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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operator = children[1].symbol.type
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negated = negated = operator != STIXPatternParser.EQ
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return self.instantiate("EqualityComparisonExpression", children[0], children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2],
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negated)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestOrder.
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def visitPropTestOrder(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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operator = children[1].symbol.type
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if operator == STIXPatternParser.GT:
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return self.instantiate("GreaterThanComparisonExpression", children[0],
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children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2], False)
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elif operator == STIXPatternParser.LT:
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return self.instantiate("LessThanComparisonExpression", children[0],
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children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2], False)
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elif operator == STIXPatternParser.GE:
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return self.instantiate("GreaterThanEqualComparisonExpression", children[0],
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children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2], False)
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elif operator == STIXPatternParser.LE:
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return self.instantiate("LessThanEqualComparisonExpression", children[0],
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children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2], False)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestSet.
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def visitPropTestSet(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("InComparisonExpression", children[0], children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2], False)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestLike.
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def visitPropTestLike(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("LikeComparisonExpression", children[0], children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2], False)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestRegex.
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def visitPropTestRegex(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("MatchesComparisonExpression", children[0], children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2],
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False)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestIsSubset.
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def visitPropTestIsSubset(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("IsSubsetComparisonExpression", children[0], children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestIsSuperset.
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def visitPropTestIsSuperset(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("IsSupersetComparisonExpression", children[0], children[3 if len(children) > 3 else 2])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#propTestParen.
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def visitPropTestParen(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("ParentheticalExpression", children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#startStopQualifier.
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def visitStartStopQualifier(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return StartStopQualifier(children[1], children[3])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#withinQualifier.
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def visitWithinQualifier(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return WithinQualifier(children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#repeatedQualifier.
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def visitRepeatedQualifier(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return RepeatQualifier(children[1])
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#objectPath.
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def visitObjectPath(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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flat_list = collapse_lists(children[2:])
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property_path = []
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i = 0
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while i < len(flat_list):
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current = flat_list[i]
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if i == len(flat_list)-1:
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property_path.append(current)
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break
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next = flat_list[i+1]
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if isinstance(next, TerminalNode):
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property_path.append(self.instantiate("ListObjectPathComponent", current.property_name, next.getText()))
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i += 2
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else:
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property_path.append(current)
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i += 1
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return self.instantiate("ObjectPath", children[0].getText(), property_path)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#objectType.
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def visitObjectType(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return children[0]
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#firstPathComponent.
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def visitFirstPathComponent(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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step = children[0].getText()
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# if step.endswith("_ref"):
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# return stix2.ReferenceObjectPathComponent(step)
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# else:
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return self.instantiate("BasicObjectPathComponent", step, False)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#indexPathStep.
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def visitIndexPathStep(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return children[1]
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#pathStep.
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def visitPathStep(self, ctx):
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return collapse_lists(self.visitChildren(ctx))
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#keyPathStep.
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def visitKeyPathStep(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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if isinstance(children[1], StringConstant):
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# special case for hashes
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return children[1].value
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else:
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return self.instantiate("BasicObjectPathComponent", children[1].getText(), True)
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#setLiteral.
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def visitSetLiteral(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return self.instantiate("ListConstant", values_only(children))
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#primitiveLiteral.
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def visitPrimitiveLiteral(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return children[0]
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# Visit a parse tree produced by STIXPatternParser#orderableLiteral.
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def visitOrderableLiteral(self, ctx):
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children = self.visitChildren(ctx)
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return children[0]
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def visitTerminal(self, node):
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if node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.IntPosLiteral or node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.IntNegLiteral:
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return IntegerConstant(node.getText())
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elif node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.FloatPosLiteral or node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.FloatNegLiteral:
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return FloatConstant(node.getText())
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elif node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.HexLiteral:
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return HexConstant(node.getText(), from_parse_tree=True)
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elif node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.BinaryLiteral:
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return BinaryConstant(node.getText(), from_parse_tree=True)
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elif node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.StringLiteral:
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return StringConstant(node.getText().strip('\''), from_parse_tree=True)
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elif node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.BoolLiteral:
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return BooleanConstant(node.getText())
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elif node.symbol.type == STIXPatternParser.TimestampLiteral:
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return TimestampConstant(node.getText())
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else:
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return node
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def aggregateResult(self, aggregate, nextResult):
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if aggregate:
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aggregate.append(nextResult)
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elif nextResult:
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aggregate = [nextResult]
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return aggregate
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def create_pattern_object(pattern, module_suffix="", module_name=""):
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'''
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Validates a pattern against the STIX Pattern grammar. Error messages are
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returned in a list. The test passed if the returned list is empty.
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'''
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start = ''
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if isinstance(pattern, six.string_types):
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start = pattern[:2]
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pattern = InputStream(pattern)
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if not start:
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start = pattern.readline()[:2]
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pattern.seek(0)
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parseErrListener = STIXPatternErrorListener()
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lexer = STIXPatternLexer(pattern)
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# it always adds a console listener by default... remove it.
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lexer.removeErrorListeners()
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stream = CommonTokenStream(lexer)
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parser = STIXPatternParser(stream)
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parser.buildParseTrees = True
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# it always adds a console listener by default... remove it.
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parser.removeErrorListeners()
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parser.addErrorListener(parseErrListener)
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# To improve error messages, replace "<INVALID>" in the literal
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# names with symbolic names. This is a hack, but seemed like
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# the simplest workaround.
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for i, lit_name in enumerate(parser.literalNames):
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if lit_name == u"<INVALID>":
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parser.literalNames[i] = parser.symbolicNames[i]
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tree = parser.pattern()
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builder = STIXPatternVisitorForSTIX2(module_suffix, module_name)
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return builder.visit(tree)
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@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ def escape_quotes_and_backslashes(s):
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return s.replace(u'\\', u'\\\\').replace(u"'", u"\\'")
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def quote_if_needed(x):
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if isinstance(x, str):
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if x.find("-") != -1:
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if not x.startswith("'"):
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return "'" + x + "'"
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return x
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class _Constant(object):
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pass
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@ -23,11 +31,13 @@ class StringConstant(_Constant):
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Args:
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value (str): string value
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"""
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def __init__(self, value):
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def __init__(self, value, from_parse_tree=False):
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self.needs_to_be_quoted = not from_parse_tree
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self.value = value
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def __str__(self):
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return "'%s'" % escape_quotes_and_backslashes(self.value)
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return "'%s'" % (escape_quotes_and_backslashes(self.value) if self.needs_to_be_quoted else self.value)
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class TimestampConstant(_Constant):
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@ -86,8 +96,8 @@ class BooleanConstant(_Constant):
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self.value = value
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return
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trues = ['true', 't']
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falses = ['false', 'f']
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trues = ['true', 't', '1']
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falses = ['false', 'f', '0']
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try:
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if value.lower() in trues:
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self.value = True
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@ -143,7 +153,7 @@ class HashConstant(StringConstant):
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vocab_key = _HASH_REGEX[key][1]
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if not re.match(_HASH_REGEX[key][0], value):
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raise ValueError("'%s' is not a valid %s hash" % (value, vocab_key))
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self.value = value
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super(HashConstant, self).__init__(value)
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class BinaryConstant(_Constant):
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@ -152,7 +162,13 @@ class BinaryConstant(_Constant):
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Args:
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value (str): base64 encoded string value
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"""
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def __init__(self, value):
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def __init__(self, value, from_parse_tree=False):
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# support with or without a 'b'
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if from_parse_tree:
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m = re.match("^b'(.+)'$", value)
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if m:
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value = m.group(1)
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try:
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base64.b64decode(value)
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self.value = value
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@ -169,10 +185,17 @@ class HexConstant(_Constant):
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Args:
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value (str): hexadecimal value
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"""
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def __init__(self, value):
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if not re.match('^([a-fA-F0-9]{2})+$', value):
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raise ValueError("must contain an even number of hexadecimal characters")
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def __init__(self, value, from_parse_tree=False):
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# support with or without an 'h'
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if not from_parse_tree and re.match('^([a-fA-F0-9]{2})+$', value):
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self.value = value
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else:
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m = re.match("^h'(([a-fA-F0-9]{2})+)'$", value)
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if m:
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self.value = m.group(1)
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else:
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||||
raise ValueError("must contain an even number of hexadecimal characters")
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return "h'%s'" % self.value
|
||||
|
@ -185,10 +208,11 @@ class ListConstant(_Constant):
|
|||
value (list): list of values
|
||||
"""
|
||||
def __init__(self, values):
|
||||
self.value = values
|
||||
# handle _Constants or make a _Constant
|
||||
self.value = [x if isinstance(x, _Constant) else make_constant(x) for x in values]
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return "(" + ", ".join([("%s" % make_constant(x)) for x in self.value]) + ")"
|
||||
return "(" + ", ".join(["%s" % x for x in self.value]) + ")"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def make_constant(value):
|
||||
|
@ -229,7 +253,10 @@ class _ObjectPathComponent(object):
|
|||
parse1 = component_name.split("[")
|
||||
return ListObjectPathComponent(parse1[0], parse1[1][:-1])
|
||||
else:
|
||||
return BasicObjectPathComponent(component_name)
|
||||
return BasicObjectPathComponent(component_name, False)
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return quote_if_needed(self.property_name)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class BasicObjectPathComponent(_ObjectPathComponent):
|
||||
|
@ -243,14 +270,11 @@ class BasicObjectPathComponent(_ObjectPathComponent):
|
|||
property_name (str): object property name
|
||||
is_key (bool): is dictionary key, default: False
|
||||
"""
|
||||
def __init__(self, property_name, is_key=False):
|
||||
def __init__(self, property_name, is_key):
|
||||
self.property_name = property_name
|
||||
# TODO: set is_key to True if this component is a dictionary key
|
||||
# self.is_key = is_key
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return self.property_name
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class ListObjectPathComponent(_ObjectPathComponent):
|
||||
"""List object path component (for an observation or expression)
|
||||
|
@ -264,7 +288,7 @@ class ListObjectPathComponent(_ObjectPathComponent):
|
|||
self.index = index
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return "%s[%s]" % (self.property_name, self.index)
|
||||
return "%s[%s]" % (quote_if_needed(self.property_name), self.index)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class ReferenceObjectPathComponent(_ObjectPathComponent):
|
||||
|
@ -276,9 +300,6 @@ class ReferenceObjectPathComponent(_ObjectPathComponent):
|
|||
def __init__(self, reference_property_name):
|
||||
self.property_name = reference_property_name
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return self.property_name
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class ObjectPath(object):
|
||||
"""Pattern operand object (property) path
|
||||
|
@ -289,12 +310,14 @@ class ObjectPath(object):
|
|||
"""
|
||||
def __init__(self, object_type_name, property_path):
|
||||
self.object_type_name = object_type_name
|
||||
self.property_path = [x if isinstance(x, _ObjectPathComponent) else
|
||||
self.property_path = [
|
||||
x if isinstance(x, _ObjectPathComponent) else
|
||||
_ObjectPathComponent.create_ObjectPathComponent(x)
|
||||
for x in property_path]
|
||||
for x in property_path
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
def __str__(self):
|
||||
return "%s:%s" % (self.object_type_name, ".".join(["%s" % x for x in self.property_path]))
|
||||
return "%s:%s" % (self.object_type_name, ".".join(["%s" % quote_if_needed(x) for x in self.property_path]))
|
||||
|
||||
def merge(self, other):
|
||||
"""Extend the object property with that of the supplied object property path"""
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,42 +4,61 @@ import pytest
|
|||
|
||||
import stix2
|
||||
|
||||
from stix2.STIXPatternVisitor import create_pattern_object
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_create_comparison_expression():
|
||||
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f", "SHA-256")) # noqa
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f", "SHA-256"),
|
||||
) # noqa
|
||||
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "file:hashes.'SHA-256' = 'aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f'"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_boolean_expression():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression("email-message:from_ref.value",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant(".+\\@example\\.com$"))
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression("email-message:body_multipart[*].body_raw_ref.name",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("^Final Report.+\\.exe$"))
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"email-message:from_ref.value",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant(".+\\@example\\.com$"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"email-message:body_multipart[*].body_raw_ref.name",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("^Final Report.+\\.exe$"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([exp1, exp2])
|
||||
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "email-message:from_ref.value MATCHES '.+\\\\@example\\\\.com$' AND email-message:body_multipart[*].body_raw_ref.name MATCHES '^Final Report.+\\\\.exe$'" # noqa
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_boolean_expression_with_parentheses():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(stix2.ObjectPath("email-message",
|
||||
[stix2.ReferenceObjectPathComponent("from_ref"),
|
||||
stix2.BasicObjectPathComponent("value")]),
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant(".+\\@example\\.com$"))
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression("email-message:body_multipart[*].body_raw_ref.name",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("^Final Report.+\\.exe$"))
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(
|
||||
stix2.ObjectPath(
|
||||
"email-message",
|
||||
[
|
||||
stix2.ReferenceObjectPathComponent("from_ref"),
|
||||
stix2.BasicObjectPathComponent("value", False),
|
||||
],
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant(".+\\@example\\.com$"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"email-message:body_multipart[*].body_raw_ref.name",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("^Final Report.+\\.exe$"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp = stix2.ParentheticalExpression(stix2.AndBooleanExpression([exp1, exp2]))
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "(email-message:from_ref.value MATCHES '.+\\\\@example\\\\.com$' AND email-message:body_multipart[*].body_raw_ref.name MATCHES '^Final Report.+\\\\.exe$')" # noqa
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_hash_followed_by_registryKey_expression_python_constant():
|
||||
hash_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.MD5",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("79054025255fb1a26e4bc422aef54eb4", "MD5"))
|
||||
hash_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.MD5",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("79054025255fb1a26e4bc422aef54eb4", "MD5"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
o_exp1 = stix2.ObservationExpression(hash_exp)
|
||||
reg_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(stix2.ObjectPath("windows-registry-key", ["key"]),
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\foo\\bar"))
|
||||
reg_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
stix2.ObjectPath("windows-registry-key", ["key"]),
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\foo\\bar"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
o_exp2 = stix2.ObservationExpression(reg_exp)
|
||||
fb_exp = stix2.FollowedByObservationExpression([o_exp1, o_exp2])
|
||||
para_exp = stix2.ParentheticalExpression(fb_exp)
|
||||
|
@ -49,11 +68,15 @@ def test_hash_followed_by_registryKey_expression_python_constant():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_hash_followed_by_registryKey_expression():
|
||||
hash_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.MD5",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("79054025255fb1a26e4bc422aef54eb4", "MD5"))
|
||||
hash_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.MD5",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("79054025255fb1a26e4bc422aef54eb4", "MD5"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
o_exp1 = stix2.ObservationExpression(hash_exp)
|
||||
reg_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(stix2.ObjectPath("windows-registry-key", ["key"]),
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\foo\\bar"))
|
||||
reg_exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
stix2.ObjectPath("windows-registry-key", ["key"]),
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\foo\\bar"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
o_exp2 = stix2.ObservationExpression(reg_exp)
|
||||
fb_exp = stix2.FollowedByObservationExpression([o_exp1, o_exp2])
|
||||
para_exp = stix2.ParentheticalExpression(fb_exp)
|
||||
|
@ -63,31 +86,44 @@ def test_hash_followed_by_registryKey_expression():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_file_observable_expression():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant(
|
||||
"aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f",
|
||||
'SHA-256'))
|
||||
'SHA-256',
|
||||
),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:mime_type", stix2.StringConstant("application/x-pdf"))
|
||||
bool_exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(stix2.AndBooleanExpression([exp1, exp2]))
|
||||
assert str(bool_exp) == "[file:hashes.'SHA-256' = 'aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f' AND file:mime_type = 'application/x-pdf']" # noqa
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@pytest.mark.parametrize("observation_class, op", [
|
||||
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
|
||||
"observation_class, op", [
|
||||
(stix2.AndObservationExpression, 'AND'),
|
||||
(stix2.OrObservationExpression, 'OR'),
|
||||
])
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
def test_multiple_file_observable_expression(observation_class, op):
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant(
|
||||
"bf07a7fbb825fc0aae7bf4a1177b2b31fcf8a3feeaf7092761e18c859ee52a9c",
|
||||
'SHA-256'))
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.MD5",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("cead3f77f6cda6ec00f57d76c9a6879f", "MD5"))
|
||||
'SHA-256',
|
||||
),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.MD5",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant("cead3f77f6cda6ec00f57d76c9a6879f", "MD5"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
bool1_exp = stix2.OrBooleanExpression([exp1, exp2])
|
||||
exp3 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
exp3 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:hashes.'SHA-256'",
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant(
|
||||
"aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f",
|
||||
'SHA-256'))
|
||||
'SHA-256',
|
||||
),
|
||||
)
|
||||
op1_exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(bool1_exp)
|
||||
op2_exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(exp3)
|
||||
exp = observation_class([op1_exp, op2_exp])
|
||||
|
@ -97,34 +133,46 @@ def test_multiple_file_observable_expression(observation_class, op):
|
|||
def test_root_types():
|
||||
ast = stix2.ObservationExpression(
|
||||
stix2.AndBooleanExpression(
|
||||
[stix2.ParentheticalExpression(
|
||||
[
|
||||
stix2.ParentheticalExpression(
|
||||
stix2.OrBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("a:b", stix2.StringConstant("1")),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("b:c", stix2.StringConstant("2"))])),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(u"b:d", stix2.StringConstant("3"))]))
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("b:c", stix2.StringConstant("2")),
|
||||
]),
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(u"b:d", stix2.StringConstant("3")),
|
||||
],
|
||||
),
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(ast) == "[(a:b = '1' OR b:c = '2') AND b:d = '3']"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_artifact_payload():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("artifact:mime_type",
|
||||
"application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap")
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression("artifact:payload_bin",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("\\xd4\\xc3\\xb2\\xa1\\x02\\x00\\x04\\x00"))
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"artifact:mime_type",
|
||||
"application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap",
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"artifact:payload_bin",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("\\xd4\\xc3\\xb2\\xa1\\x02\\x00\\x04\\x00"),
|
||||
)
|
||||
and_exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(stix2.AndBooleanExpression([exp1, exp2]))
|
||||
assert str(and_exp) == "[artifact:mime_type = 'application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap' AND artifact:payload_bin MATCHES '\\\\xd4\\\\xc3\\\\xb2\\\\xa1\\\\x02\\\\x00\\\\x04\\\\x00']" # noqa
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_greater_than_python_constant():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.GreaterThanComparisonExpression("file:extensions.windows-pebinary-ext.sections[*].entropy", 7.0)
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.GreaterThanComparisonExpression("file:extensions.'windows-pebinary-ext'.sections[*].entropy", 7.0)
|
||||
exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(exp1)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[file:extensions.windows-pebinary-ext.sections[*].entropy > 7.0]"
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[file:extensions.'windows-pebinary-ext'.sections[*].entropy > 7.0]"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_greater_than():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.GreaterThanComparisonExpression("file:extensions.windows-pebinary-ext.sections[*].entropy",
|
||||
stix2.FloatConstant(7.0))
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.GreaterThanComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:extensions.'windows-pebinary-ext'.sections[*].entropy",
|
||||
stix2.FloatConstant(7.0),
|
||||
)
|
||||
exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(exp1)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[file:extensions.windows-pebinary-ext.sections[*].entropy > 7.0]"
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[file:extensions.'windows-pebinary-ext'.sections[*].entropy > 7.0]"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_less_than():
|
||||
|
@ -133,73 +181,123 @@ def test_less_than():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_greater_than_or_equal():
|
||||
exp = stix2.GreaterThanEqualComparisonExpression("file:size",
|
||||
1024)
|
||||
exp = stix2.GreaterThanEqualComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:size",
|
||||
1024,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "file:size >= 1024"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_less_than_or_equal():
|
||||
exp = stix2.LessThanEqualComparisonExpression("file:size",
|
||||
1024)
|
||||
exp = stix2.LessThanEqualComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:size",
|
||||
1024,
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "file:size <= 1024"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_not():
|
||||
exp = stix2.LessThanComparisonExpression("file:size",
|
||||
exp = stix2.LessThanComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:size",
|
||||
1024,
|
||||
negated=True)
|
||||
negated=True,
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "file:size NOT < 1024"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_and_observable_expression():
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:account_type",
|
||||
"unix"),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:user_id",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("1007")),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:account_login",
|
||||
"Peter")])
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:account_type",
|
||||
"unix"),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:user_id",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("1008")),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:account_login",
|
||||
"Paul")])
|
||||
exp3 = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:account_type",
|
||||
"unix"),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:user_id",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("1009")),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:account_login",
|
||||
"Mary")])
|
||||
exp = stix2.AndObservationExpression([stix2.ObservationExpression(exp1),
|
||||
exp1 = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:account_type",
|
||||
"unix",
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:user_id",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("1007"),
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:account_login",
|
||||
"Peter",
|
||||
),
|
||||
])
|
||||
exp2 = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:account_type",
|
||||
"unix",
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:user_id",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("1008"),
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:account_login",
|
||||
"Paul",
|
||||
),
|
||||
])
|
||||
exp3 = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:account_type",
|
||||
"unix",
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:user_id",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("1009"),
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:account_login",
|
||||
"Mary",
|
||||
),
|
||||
])
|
||||
exp = stix2.AndObservationExpression([
|
||||
stix2.ObservationExpression(exp1),
|
||||
stix2.ObservationExpression(exp2),
|
||||
stix2.ObservationExpression(exp3)])
|
||||
stix2.ObservationExpression(exp3),
|
||||
])
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[user-account:account_type = 'unix' AND user-account:user_id = '1007' AND user-account:account_login = 'Peter'] AND [user-account:account_type = 'unix' AND user-account:user_id = '1008' AND user-account:account_login = 'Paul'] AND [user-account:account_type = 'unix' AND user-account:user_id = '1009' AND user-account:account_login = 'Mary']" # noqa
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_invalid_and_observable_expression():
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
|
||||
stix2.AndBooleanExpression([stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("user-account:display_name",
|
||||
"admin"),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("email-addr:display_name",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("admin"))])
|
||||
stix2.AndBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"user-account:display_name",
|
||||
"admin",
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"email-addr:display_name",
|
||||
stix2.StringConstant("admin"),
|
||||
),
|
||||
])
|
||||
assert "All operands to an 'AND' expression must have the same object type" in str(excinfo)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_hex():
|
||||
exp_and = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:mime_type",
|
||||
"image/bmp"),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("file:magic_number_hex",
|
||||
stix2.HexConstant("ffd8"))])
|
||||
exp_and = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:mime_type",
|
||||
"image/bmp",
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:magic_number_hex",
|
||||
stix2.HexConstant("ffd8"),
|
||||
),
|
||||
])
|
||||
exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(exp_and)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[file:mime_type = 'image/bmp' AND file:magic_number_hex = h'ffd8']"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_multiple_qualifiers():
|
||||
exp_and = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("network-traffic:dst_ref.type",
|
||||
"domain-name"),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("network-traffic:dst_ref.value",
|
||||
"example.com")])
|
||||
exp_and = stix2.AndBooleanExpression([
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"network-traffic:dst_ref.type",
|
||||
"domain-name",
|
||||
),
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"network-traffic:dst_ref.value",
|
||||
"example.com",
|
||||
),
|
||||
])
|
||||
exp_ob = stix2.ObservationExpression(exp_and)
|
||||
qual_rep = stix2.RepeatQualifier(5)
|
||||
qual_within = stix2.WithinQualifier(stix2.IntegerConstant(1800))
|
||||
|
@ -208,8 +306,10 @@ def test_multiple_qualifiers():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_set_op():
|
||||
exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(stix2.IsSubsetComparisonExpression("network-traffic:dst_ref.value",
|
||||
"2001:0db8:dead:beef:0000:0000:0000:0000/64"))
|
||||
exp = stix2.ObservationExpression(stix2.IsSubsetComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"network-traffic:dst_ref.value",
|
||||
"2001:0db8:dead:beef:0000:0000:0000:0000/64",
|
||||
))
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "[network-traffic:dst_ref.value ISSUBSET '2001:0db8:dead:beef:0000:0000:0000:0000/64']"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -219,35 +319,45 @@ def test_timestamp():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_boolean():
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("email-message:is_multipart",
|
||||
True)
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"email-message:is_multipart",
|
||||
True,
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "email-message:is_multipart = true"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_binary():
|
||||
const = stix2.BinaryConstant("dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=")
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("artifact:payload_bin",
|
||||
const)
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"artifact:payload_bin",
|
||||
const,
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "artifact:payload_bin = b'dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q='"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_list():
|
||||
exp = stix2.InComparisonExpression("process:name",
|
||||
['proccy', 'proximus', 'badproc'])
|
||||
exp = stix2.InComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"process:name",
|
||||
['proccy', 'proximus', 'badproc'],
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "process:name IN ('proccy', 'proximus', 'badproc')"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_list2():
|
||||
# alternate way to construct an "IN" Comparison Expression
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("process:name",
|
||||
['proccy', 'proximus', 'badproc'])
|
||||
exp = stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"process:name",
|
||||
['proccy', 'proximus', 'badproc'],
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "process:name IN ('proccy', 'proximus', 'badproc')"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_invalid_constant_type():
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression("artifact:payload_bin",
|
||||
{'foo': 'bar'})
|
||||
stix2.EqualityComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"artifact:payload_bin",
|
||||
{'foo': 'bar'},
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert 'Unable to create a constant' in str(excinfo)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -269,7 +379,8 @@ def test_invalid_float_constant():
|
|||
assert 'must be a float' in str(excinfo)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@pytest.mark.parametrize("data, result", [
|
||||
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
|
||||
"data, result", [
|
||||
(True, True),
|
||||
(False, False),
|
||||
('True', True),
|
||||
|
@ -282,7 +393,8 @@ def test_invalid_float_constant():
|
|||
('F', False),
|
||||
(1, True),
|
||||
(0, False),
|
||||
])
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
def test_boolean_constant(data, result):
|
||||
boolean = stix2.BooleanConstant(data)
|
||||
assert boolean.value == result
|
||||
|
@ -294,10 +406,12 @@ def test_invalid_boolean_constant():
|
|||
assert 'must be a boolean' in str(excinfo)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@pytest.mark.parametrize("hashtype, data", [
|
||||
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
|
||||
"hashtype, data", [
|
||||
('MD5', 'zzz'),
|
||||
('ssdeep', 'zzz=='),
|
||||
])
|
||||
],
|
||||
)
|
||||
def test_invalid_hash_constant(hashtype, data):
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
|
||||
stix2.HashConstant(data, hashtype)
|
||||
|
@ -317,20 +431,26 @@ def test_invalid_binary_constant():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_escape_quotes_and_backslashes():
|
||||
exp = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression("file:name",
|
||||
"^Final Report.+\\.exe$")
|
||||
exp = stix2.MatchesComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"file:name",
|
||||
"^Final Report.+\\.exe$",
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "file:name MATCHES '^Final Report.+\\\\.exe$'"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_like():
|
||||
exp = stix2.LikeComparisonExpression("directory:path",
|
||||
"C:\\Windows\\%\\foo")
|
||||
exp = stix2.LikeComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"directory:path",
|
||||
"C:\\Windows\\%\\foo",
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "directory:path LIKE 'C:\\\\Windows\\\\%\\\\foo'"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_issuperset():
|
||||
exp = stix2.IsSupersetComparisonExpression("ipv4-addr:value",
|
||||
"198.51.100.0/24")
|
||||
exp = stix2.IsSupersetComparisonExpression(
|
||||
"ipv4-addr:value",
|
||||
"198.51.100.0/24",
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(exp) == "ipv4-addr:value ISSUPERSET '198.51.100.0/24'"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -352,24 +472,32 @@ def test_invalid_within_qualifier():
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_startstop_qualifier():
|
||||
qual = stix2.StartStopQualifier(stix2.TimestampConstant('2016-06-01T00:00:00Z'),
|
||||
datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 12, 8, 30, 0))
|
||||
qual = stix2.StartStopQualifier(
|
||||
stix2.TimestampConstant('2016-06-01T00:00:00Z'),
|
||||
datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 12, 8, 30, 0),
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(qual) == "START t'2016-06-01T00:00:00Z' STOP t'2017-03-12T08:30:00Z'"
|
||||
|
||||
qual2 = stix2.StartStopQualifier(datetime.date(2016, 6, 1),
|
||||
stix2.TimestampConstant('2016-07-01T00:00:00Z'))
|
||||
qual2 = stix2.StartStopQualifier(
|
||||
datetime.date(2016, 6, 1),
|
||||
stix2.TimestampConstant('2016-07-01T00:00:00Z'),
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert str(qual2) == "START t'2016-06-01T00:00:00Z' STOP t'2016-07-01T00:00:00Z'"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_invalid_startstop_qualifier():
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
|
||||
stix2.StartStopQualifier('foo',
|
||||
stix2.TimestampConstant('2016-06-01T00:00:00Z'))
|
||||
stix2.StartStopQualifier(
|
||||
'foo',
|
||||
stix2.TimestampConstant('2016-06-01T00:00:00Z'),
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert 'is not a valid argument for a Start/Stop Qualifier' in str(excinfo)
|
||||
|
||||
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as excinfo:
|
||||
stix2.StartStopQualifier(datetime.date(2016, 6, 1),
|
||||
'foo')
|
||||
stix2.StartStopQualifier(
|
||||
datetime.date(2016, 6, 1),
|
||||
'foo',
|
||||
)
|
||||
assert 'is not a valid argument for a Start/Stop Qualifier' in str(excinfo)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -377,3 +505,15 @@ def test_make_constant_already_a_constant():
|
|||
str_const = stix2.StringConstant('Foo')
|
||||
result = stix2.patterns.make_constant(str_const)
|
||||
assert result is str_const
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_parsing_comparison_expression():
|
||||
patt_obj = create_pattern_object("[file:hashes.'SHA-256' = 'aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f']")
|
||||
assert str(patt_obj) == "[file:hashes.'SHA-256' = 'aec070645fe53ee3b3763059376134f058cc337247c978add178b6ccdfb0019f']"
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def test_parsing_qualified_expression():
|
||||
patt_obj = create_pattern_object(
|
||||
"[network-traffic:dst_ref.type = 'domain-name' AND network-traffic:dst_ref.value = 'example.com'] REPEATS 5 TIMES WITHIN 1800 SECONDS")
|
||||
assert str(
|
||||
patt_obj) == "[network-traffic:dst_ref.type = 'domain-name' AND network-traffic:dst_ref.value = 'example.com'] REPEATS 5 TIMES WITHIN 1800 SECONDS"
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue