408 lines
13 KiB
Python
408 lines
13 KiB
Python
"""Classes for representing properties of STIX Objects and Cyber Observables.
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"""
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import base64
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import binascii
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import collections
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import inspect
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import re
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import uuid
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from six import string_types, text_type
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from stix2patterns.validator import run_validator
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from .base import _STIXBase
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from .exceptions import DictionaryKeyError
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from .utils import get_dict, parse_into_datetime
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class Property(object):
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"""Represent a property of STIX data type.
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Subclasses can define the following attributes as keyword arguments to
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``__init__()``.
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Args:
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required (bool): If ``True``, the property must be provided when creating an
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object with that property. No default value exists for these properties.
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(Default: ``False``)
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fixed: This provides a constant default value. Users are free to
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provide this value explicity when constructing an object (which allows
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you to copy **all** values from an existing object to a new object), but
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if the user provides a value other than the ``fixed`` value, it will raise
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an error. This is semantically equivalent to defining both:
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- a ``clean()`` function that checks if the value matches the fixed
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value, and
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- a ``default()`` function that returns the fixed value.
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Subclasses can also define the following functions:
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- ``def clean(self, value) -> any:``
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- Return a value that is valid for this property. If ``value`` is not
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valid for this property, this will attempt to transform it first. If
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``value`` is not valid and no such transformation is possible, it should
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raise a ValueError.
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- ``def default(self):``
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- provide a default value for this property.
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- ``default()`` can return the special value ``NOW`` to use the current
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time. This is useful when several timestamps in the same object need
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to use the same default value, so calling now() for each property--
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likely several microseconds apart-- does not work.
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Subclasses can instead provide a lambda function for ``default`` as a keyword
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argument. ``clean`` should not be provided as a lambda since lambdas cannot
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raise their own exceptions.
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When instantiating Properties, ``required`` and ``default`` should not be used
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together. ``default`` implies that the property is required in the specification
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so this function will be used to supply a value if none is provided.
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``required`` means that the user must provide this; it is required in the
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specification and we can't or don't want to create a default value.
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"""
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def _default_clean(self, value):
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if value != self._fixed_value:
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raise ValueError("must equal '{0}'.".format(self._fixed_value))
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return value
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def __init__(self, required=False, fixed=None, default=None, type=None):
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self.required = required
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self.type = type
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if fixed:
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self._fixed_value = fixed
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self.clean = self._default_clean
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self.default = lambda: fixed
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if default:
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self.default = default
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def clean(self, value):
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return value
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def __call__(self, value=None):
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"""Used by ListProperty to handle lists that have been defined with
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either a class or an instance.
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"""
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return value
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class ListProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, contained, **kwargs):
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"""
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``contained`` should be a function which returns an object from the value.
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"""
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if inspect.isclass(contained) and issubclass(contained, Property):
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# If it's a class and not an instance, instantiate it so that
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# clean() can be called on it, and ListProperty.clean() will
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# use __call__ when it appends the item.
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self.contained = contained()
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else:
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self.contained = contained
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super(ListProperty, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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def clean(self, value):
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try:
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iter(value)
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except TypeError:
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raise ValueError("must be an iterable.")
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if isinstance(value, (_STIXBase, string_types)):
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value = [value]
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result = []
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for item in value:
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try:
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valid = self.contained.clean(item)
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except ValueError:
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raise
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except AttributeError:
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# type of list has no clean() function (eg. built in Python types)
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# TODO Should we raise an error here?
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valid = item
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if type(self.contained) is EmbeddedObjectProperty:
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obj_type = self.contained.type
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elif type(self.contained).__name__ is 'STIXObjectProperty':
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# ^ this way of checking doesn't require a circular import
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# valid is already an instance of a python-stix2 class; no need
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# to turn it into a dictionary and then pass it to the class
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# constructor again
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result.append(valid)
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continue
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else:
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obj_type = self.contained
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if isinstance(valid, collections.Mapping):
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result.append(obj_type(**valid))
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else:
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result.append(obj_type(valid))
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# STIX spec forbids empty lists
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if len(result) < 1:
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raise ValueError("must not be empty.")
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return result
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class StringProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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self.string_type = text_type
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super(StringProperty, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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def clean(self, value):
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return self.string_type(value)
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class TypeProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, type):
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super(TypeProperty, self).__init__(fixed=type)
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class IDProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, type):
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self.required_prefix = type + "--"
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super(IDProperty, self).__init__()
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def clean(self, value):
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if not value.startswith(self.required_prefix):
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raise ValueError("must start with '{0}'.".format(self.required_prefix))
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try:
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uuid.UUID(value.split('--', 1)[1])
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except Exception:
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raise ValueError("must have a valid UUID after the prefix.")
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return value
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def default(self):
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return self.required_prefix + str(uuid.uuid4())
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class IntegerProperty(Property):
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def clean(self, value):
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try:
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return int(value)
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except Exception:
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raise ValueError("must be an integer.")
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class FloatProperty(Property):
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def clean(self, value):
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try:
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return float(value)
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except Exception:
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raise ValueError("must be a float.")
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class BooleanProperty(Property):
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def clean(self, value):
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if isinstance(value, bool):
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return value
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trues = ['true', 't']
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falses = ['false', 'f']
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try:
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if value.lower() in trues:
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return True
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if value.lower() in falses:
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return False
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except AttributeError:
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if value == 1:
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return True
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if value == 0:
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return False
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raise ValueError("must be a boolean value.")
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class TimestampProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, precision=None, **kwargs):
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self.precision = precision
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super(TimestampProperty, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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def clean(self, value):
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return parse_into_datetime(value, self.precision)
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class DictionaryProperty(Property):
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def clean(self, value):
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try:
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dictified = get_dict(value)
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except ValueError:
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raise ValueError("The dictionary property must contain a dictionary")
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if dictified == {}:
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raise ValueError("The dictionary property must contain a non-empty dictionary")
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for k in dictified.keys():
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if len(k) < 3:
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raise DictionaryKeyError(k, "shorter than 3 characters")
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elif len(k) > 256:
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raise DictionaryKeyError(k, "longer than 256 characters")
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if not re.match('^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+$', k):
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raise DictionaryKeyError(k, "contains characters other than"
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"lowercase a-z, uppercase A-Z, "
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"numerals 0-9, hyphen (-), or "
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"underscore (_)")
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return dictified
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HASHES_REGEX = {
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"MD5": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{32}$", "MD5"),
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"MD6": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{32}|[a-fA-F0-9]{40}|[a-fA-F0-9]{56}|[a-fA-F0-9]{64}|[a-fA-F0-9]{96}|[a-fA-F0-9]{128}$", "MD6"),
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"RIPEMD160": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$", "RIPEMD-160"),
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"SHA1": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$", "SHA-1"),
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"SHA224": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{56}$", "SHA-224"),
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"SHA256": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{64}$", "SHA-256"),
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"SHA384": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{96}$", "SHA-384"),
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"SHA512": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{128}$", "SHA-512"),
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"SHA3224": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{56}$", "SHA3-224"),
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"SHA3256": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{64}$", "SHA3-256"),
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"SHA3384": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{96}$", "SHA3-384"),
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"SHA3512": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{128}$", "SHA3-512"),
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"SSDEEP": ("^[a-zA-Z0-9/+:.]{1,128}$", "ssdeep"),
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"WHIRLPOOL": ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{128}$", "WHIRLPOOL"),
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}
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class HashesProperty(DictionaryProperty):
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def clean(self, value):
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clean_dict = super(HashesProperty, self).clean(value)
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for k, v in clean_dict.items():
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key = k.upper().replace('-', '')
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if key in HASHES_REGEX:
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vocab_key = HASHES_REGEX[key][1]
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if not re.match(HASHES_REGEX[key][0], v):
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raise ValueError("'%s' is not a valid %s hash" % (v, vocab_key))
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if k != vocab_key:
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clean_dict[vocab_key] = clean_dict[k]
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del clean_dict[k]
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return clean_dict
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class BinaryProperty(Property):
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def clean(self, value):
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try:
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base64.b64decode(value)
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except (binascii.Error, TypeError):
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raise ValueError("must contain a base64 encoded string")
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return value
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class HexProperty(Property):
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def clean(self, value):
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if not re.match('^([a-fA-F0-9]{2})+$', value):
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raise ValueError("must contain an even number of hexadecimal characters")
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return value
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REF_REGEX = re.compile("^[a-z][a-z-]+[a-z]--[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}"
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"-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$")
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class ReferenceProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, required=False, type=None):
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"""
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references sometimes must be to a specific object type
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"""
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self.type = type
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super(ReferenceProperty, self).__init__(required, type=type)
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def clean(self, value):
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if isinstance(value, _STIXBase):
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value = value.id
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value = str(value)
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if self.type:
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if not value.startswith(self.type):
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raise ValueError("must start with '{0}'.".format(self.type))
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if not REF_REGEX.match(value):
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raise ValueError("must match <object-type>--<guid>.")
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return value
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SELECTOR_REGEX = re.compile("^[a-z0-9_-]{3,250}(\\.(\\[\\d+\\]|[a-z0-9_-]{1,250}))*$")
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class SelectorProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, type=None):
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# ignore type
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super(SelectorProperty, self).__init__()
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def clean(self, value):
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if not SELECTOR_REGEX.match(value):
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raise ValueError("must adhere to selector syntax.")
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return value
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class ObjectReferenceProperty(StringProperty):
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def __init__(self, valid_types=None, **kwargs):
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if valid_types and type(valid_types) is not list:
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valid_types = [valid_types]
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self.valid_types = valid_types
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super(ObjectReferenceProperty, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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class EmbeddedObjectProperty(Property):
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def __init__(self, type, required=False):
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self.type = type
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super(EmbeddedObjectProperty, self).__init__(required, type=type)
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def clean(self, value):
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if type(value) is dict:
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value = self.type(**value)
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elif not isinstance(value, self.type):
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raise ValueError("must be of type %s." % self.type.__name__)
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return value
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class EnumProperty(StringProperty):
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def __init__(self, allowed, **kwargs):
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if type(allowed) is not list:
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allowed = list(allowed)
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self.allowed = allowed
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super(EnumProperty, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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def clean(self, value):
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value = super(EnumProperty, self).clean(value)
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if value not in self.allowed:
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raise ValueError("value '%s' is not valid for this enumeration." % value)
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return self.string_type(value)
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class PatternProperty(StringProperty):
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def __init__(self, **kwargs):
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super(PatternProperty, self).__init__(**kwargs)
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def clean(self, value):
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str_value = super(PatternProperty, self).clean(value)
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errors = run_validator(str_value)
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if errors:
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raise ValueError(str(errors[0]))
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return self.string_type(value)
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class CustomProperty(Property):
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"""
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The custom property class can be used as a base to extend further
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functionality of a custom property.
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Note:
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This class is used internally to signal the use of any custom property
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that is parsed by any object or `parse()` method and allow_custom=True.
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"""
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pass
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