This glossary is meant as a quick lookup document in case of any need of clarification of any threat sharing, threat-intel lingo.
In case you use any CCBYSA licensed content, or other pieces that are subject to licensing, make sure to add it at the end of this glossary.
# API
MISP makes extensive use of its RESTful API (Application programming interface) both internally and provides an external API for automation, synchronisation or any other tasks requiring a machine to machine interface.
In general terms, it is a set of clearly defined methods of communication between various software components. A good [API](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface) makes it easier to develop a computer program by providing all the building blocks, which are then put together by the programmer. An API may be for a web-based system, operating system, database system, computer hardware or software library.
The de-facto standard for talking to MISP via an API is [PyMISP](https://github.com/MISP/PyMISP).
# RESTful
Representational state transfer ([REST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer)) or RESTful web services are a way of providing interoperability between computer systems on the Internet. REST-compliant Web services allow requesting systems to access and manipulate textual representations of Web resources using a uniform and predefined set of stateless operations. Other forms of Web services exist which expose their own arbitrary sets of operations such as WSDL and SOAP.
# Sharing groups
Sharing groups in MISP are a more granular way to create re-usable distribution lists for events/attributes that allow users to include organisations from their own instance (local organisations) as well as organisations from directly, or indirectly connected instances (external organisations).
[More about creating and managing sharing groups](https://www.circl.lu/doc/misp/using-the-system#create-and-manage-sharing-groups)
# Site admin
As an admin (not to be confused with Org Admin), you can set up new accounts for users, edit user profiles, delete them, or just have a look at all the viewers' profiles.
Site admins have access to every administrator feature for all the data located on the system including global features such as the creation and modification of user roles and instance links.
Indicator of compromise (IOC or IoC) is an artefact observed on a network or in an operating system or information channel that could reference an intrusion or a reference to a technique used by an attacker.§
Network Intrusion Detection System eg. Snort, Suricata
# MISP
Malware Information Sharing Platform and Threat Sharing. Commonly known simply as MISP.
# MISP feeds
MISP includes a set of public OSINT feeds in its default configuration. The feeds can be used as a source of correlations for all of your events and attributes without the need to import them directly into your system. The MISP feed system allows for fast correlation but also a for quick comparisons of the feeds against one another.
[More](http://www.misp-project.org/feeds/)
# MISP format
MISP formats are described in specification document based on the current implementation of MISP core and PyMISP. These specifications are available for other developers willing to develop their own tools or software supporting the [MISP format](https://github.com/MISP/misp-rfc/blob/master/misp-core-format/raw.md.txt).
# MISP Galaxy Cluster
MISP galaxy is a simple method to express a large object called cluster that can be attached to MISP events or attributes. A cluster can be composed of one or more elements. Elements are expressed as key-values. There are default vocabularies available in MISP galaxy but those can be overwritten, replaced or updated as you wish. Existing clusters and vocabularies can be used as-is or as a template. MISP distribution can be applied to each cluster to permit a limited or broader distribution scheme. The following document is generated from the machine-readable JSON describing the MISP galaxy.
[More](https://www.misp-project.org/galaxy.html)
# MISP Instance
A MISP instance is an installation of the MISP software and the connected database. All the data visible to the users is stored locally in the database and data that is shareable (based on the distribution settings) can be synchronised with other instances via the Sync actions. The instance that you are reading this manual on will be referred to as "this instance" or "your instance". The instances that your instance synchronises with will be referred to as "remote instances".
# MISP Objects
MISP objects are used in MISP (starting from version 2.4.80) system and can be used by other information sharing tool. MISP objects are in addition to MISP attributes to allow advanced combinations of attributes. The creation of these objects and their associated attributes are based on real cyber security use-cases and existing practices in information sharing. The objects are just shared like any other attributes in MISP even if the other MISP instances don’t have the template of the object. The following document is generated from the machine-readable JSON describing the MISP objects.
or GnuPG instance key is the PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) key used by the MISP instance and which is only used to sign notification.
The GnuPG key used in the MISP instance must **not** be used anywhere else and should not be valuable.
# MISP Taxonomies
[Taxonomy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(general)) is the practice and science of classification. The word is also used as a count noun: a taxonomy, or taxonomic scheme, is a particular classification. The word finds its roots in the Greek language τάξις, taxis (meaning 'order', 'arrangement') and νόμος, nomos ('law' or 'science').
Taxonomies that can be used in MISP (2.4) and other information sharing tool and expressed in Machine Tags (Triple Tags). A machine tag is composed of a namespace (MUST), a predicate (MUST) and an (OPTIONAL) value. Machine tags are often called triple tag due to their format.
For more details on taxonomies and classification [the documentation](https://www.circl.lu/doc/misp-taxonomies/) on [circl.lu](https://circl.lu) is best.
# Org Admin
Organisation admins (Org Admin) are restricted to executing site-admin actions exclusively within their own organisation’s users only.
They can administer users, events and logs of their own respective organisations.
# OSINT
[Open-source intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_intelligence) (OSINT) is data collected from publicly available sources to be used in an intelligence context.[1] In the intelligence community, the term "open" refers to overt, publicly available sources (as opposed to covert or clandestine sources). It is not related to open-source software or public intelligence.
OSINT under one name or another has been around for hundreds of years. With the advent of instant communications and rapid information transfer, a great deal of actionable and predictive intelligence can now be obtained from public, unclassified sources.
# Pivot path
The (branching) path taken by a user from event to event while following correlation links. This is represented by the branching graph in the event view.
# Pivoting
The act of navigating from event to event through correlation links.
# Proposals
Each event can only be directly edited by users of the original creator organisation (and site admins). However, if another organisation would like to amend an event with extra information on an event, or if they'd like to correct a mistake in an attribute, they can create a Proposal. These proposals could then be accepted by the original creator organisation. These proposals can be pulled to another server, allowing users on connected instances to propose changes which then could be accepted by the original creators on another instance (and subsequently pushed back).
# Publishing
When an event is first created by a user, it is visible to everyone on the instance based on the access rights ("Your organisation only" events will not be visible to users of other organisations), but they will not be synchronised and they won't be exportable. For this, a user with publishing permission of the organisation that created the event has to publish the event. The system will then inform all the users of the instance that are subscribing to e-mail notifications and who have access to view the published event via an e-mail.
# Pull
Pulling is the process of using the configured sync user on a remote instance to REST GET all of the accessible data (based on the distribution rights) to your instance and store it.
# Push
Pushing is the process of using a configured instance link to send an event or all accessible events (limited by the distribution rights) through the REST interface to a remote instance.
# Scheduled Tasks
Certain common tasks can be scheduled for a later execution or for regular recurring executions. These tasks currently include caching all of the export formats, pulling from all eligible instances and pushing to all eligible instances.
# Sync User
A user of a role that grants sync permissions, these users (and their authentication keys) are used to serve as the points of connection between instances. Events pushed to an instance are pushed to a sync user, who then creates the events on the remote instance. Events pulled are added by the sync user that is used to connect the remote instance to your instance. As an administrator, keep in mind that a sync user needs auth key and publish permissions, has to have undergone the mandatory password change and has to have accepted the Terms of Use in order for the sync to work. Please make sure that all of these steps are taken before attempting to push or pull.
# Synchronisation
What we call synchronisation is an exchange of data between two (or more) MISP instances through our pull and push mechanisms.
# Tagging
Users with tagging rights can assigned various dynamically created tags to events, allowing an arbitrary link between events to be created. It is possible to filter events based on these tags and they can also be used to filter events for the automation.
# Templating
Users with templating rights can create easy to fill forms that help with the event creation process.
# Attributions & Licenses
## Parts of API is derived from the Wikipedia article ["API"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface),
## Parts of OSINT is derived from the Wikipedia article ["Open-source intelligence"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_intelligence), ## Parts of RESTful is derived from the Wikipedia article ["REST"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer),
## Parts of Taxonomies is derived from the Wikipedia article ["Taxonomy_(general)"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(general))
## which is under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
