{
  "authors": [
    "John Lambert",
    "Alexandre Dulaunoy",
    "Lina Lau",
    "Thomas Patzke"
  ],
  "category": "guidelines",
  "description": "o365-exchange-techniques - Office365/Exchange related techniques by @johnLaTwC and @inversecos",
  "name": "o365-exchange-techniques",
  "source": "Open Sources, https://www.inversecos.com/2021/09/office365-attacks-bypassing-mfa.html",
  "type": "cloud-security",
  "uuid": "44574c7e-b732-4466-a7be-ef363374013a",
  "values": [
    {
      "description": "AAD - Dump users and groups with Azure AD",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fab70361-329a-410a-9dc4-831ecd8df39f",
      "value": "AAD - Dump users and groups with Azure AD"
    },
    {
      "description": "AAD - PowerShell",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "dad1c272-e761-45e8-993d-70433417a45e",
      "value": "AAD - PowerShell"
    },
    {
      "description": "AAD - Enumerate Domains",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "926ef557-581d-4117-a095-2571f655a7b4",
      "value": "AAD - Enumerate Domains"
    },
    {
      "description": "AAD - Enumerate Users",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "4f885396-3f4e-451b-ae26-995efd403cf5",
      "value": "AAD - Enumerate Users"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Get Global Address List: MailSniper",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "21833216-1b8a-43a9-b51e-500c67a900a8",
      "value": "O365 - Get Global Address List: MailSniper"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Find Open Mailboxes: MailSniper",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9e3af2e1-90a6-4d69-ba82-cb0c99401713",
      "value": "O365 - Find Open Mailboxes: MailSniper"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - User account enumeration with ActiveSync",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "53361eef-39b0-4c46-a009-0b4e3a0e286a",
      "value": "O365 - User account enumeration with ActiveSync"
    },
    {
      "description": "End Point - Search host for Azure Credentials: SharpCloud",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "5c0c2b04-77e5-4f50-a0b8-206d7cc9946a",
      "value": "End Point - Search host for Azure Credentials: SharpCloud"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Portal Recon",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "2cd547bf-b093-4dab-b9e5-5172049cbc0d",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Portal Recon"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Enumerate domain accounts: using Skype4B",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "651fdde4-09ed-48b7-9620-545d7dcec251",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Enumerate domain accounts: using Skype4B"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Enumerate domain accounts: OWA & Exchange",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "008c46de-4667-4e40-9bea-74e91b6587fd",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Enumerate domain accounts: OWA & Exchange"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Enumerate domain accounts: FindPeople",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "435e9319-88ed-4555-be84-a5322dc997a4",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Enumerate domain accounts: FindPeople"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - OWA version discovery",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "f227caf6-9399-4ac3-bab4-010f66853abb",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - OWA version discovery"
    },
    {
      "description": "Bruteforce via OWA",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9bb7b28f-2957-46b4-8814-4126298f4860",
      "value": "Bruteforce via OWA"
    },
    {
      "description": "Bruteforce EWS",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "4d0099c5-06e7-40ed-a9a6-2d9f6d8df195",
      "value": "Bruteforce EWS"
    },
    {
      "description": "Bruteforce OAuth",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "bb7871fe-abc7-4935-b0fd-3cbf66a4ef0c",
      "value": "Bruteforce OAuth"
    },
    {
      "description": "Bruteforce via AAD Sign in Form",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "0889bb82-ddd8-411d-9288-be8d56a05247",
      "value": "Bruteforce via AAD Sign in Form"
    },
    {
      "description": "Bruteforce through Autologon API",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "63727b2f-64d6-4d1b-b017-38a3ede510e1",
      "value": "Bruteforce through Autologon API"
    },
    {
      "description": "AAD - Password Spray: MailSniper",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "933ec08d-a6d4-4ced-b732-4cb0331e7799",
      "value": "AAD - Password Spray: MailSniper"
    },
    {
      "description": "AAD - Password Spray: CredKing",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "5670ca90-38cd-4825-bd83-1bdb31fd5ea3",
      "value": "AAD - Password Spray: CredKing"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Bruteforce of Autodiscover: SensePost Ruler",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "d66c1ead-4dd3-4968-b6fe-faf41b7fb88d",
      "value": "O365 - Bruteforce of Autodiscover: SensePost Ruler"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Phishing for credentials",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "eda57f15-029c-4465-9401-f9dafc6d366c",
      "value": "O365 - Phishing for credentials"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Phishing using OAuth app",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "61589df6-6848-4866-8613-8a4a7478abef",
      "value": "O365 - Phishing using OAuth app"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - 2FA MITM Phishing: evilginx2",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fa1087c8-012d-4ef6-9eb3-5b5a6fb94c02",
      "value": "O365 - 2FA MITM Phishing: evilginx2"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - MFA Bypass via IMAP/POP",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9043a195-2ac8-4732-a049-f8dee3b98d10",
      "value": "O365 - MFA Bypass via IMAP/POP"
    },
    {
      "description": "Compromising Pass-Through Authentication",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "00f0bd50-61f2-401a-96e5-81453a86ec33",
      "value": "Compromising Pass-Through Authentication"
    },
    {
      "description": "Enumerate Users, Admins, Roles and Permissions",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "25e47935-abd5-49b9-8366-b6fe8021cb38",
      "value": "Enumerate Users, Admins, Roles and Permissions"
    },
    {
      "description": "Enumerate MFA Settings",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Recon"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fe8ad955-f794-4aa2-b5fb-2e5f241c45e8",
      "value": "Enumerate MFA Settings"
    },
    {
      "description": "Golden SAML",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access",
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "4f14c96d-3ffe-42df-9e4c-1e2801e1f1e9",
      "value": "Golden SAML"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Password Spray using Invoke-PasswordSprayOWA, EWS",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "8ffe80b9-0213-40c6-aeca-8877bdca8741",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Password Spray using Invoke-PasswordSprayOWA, EWS"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Bruteforce of Autodiscover: SensePost Ruler",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "cf8df948-0332-4ec7-94f3-3f6d54bbcbb9",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Bruteforce of Autodiscover: SensePost Ruler"
    },
    {
      "description": "Change MFA Settings",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence",
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "985d69e2-b5bd-41ca-b966-c0fed94e8863",
      "value": "Change MFA Settings"
    },
    {
      "description": "Change Conditional Access Settings",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "b2719765-02d1-4d60-862a-7cb12498b0bd",
      "value": "Change Conditional Access Settings"
    },
    {
      "description": "Malicious App Registrations",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Initial Access",
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "3aff26be-f22e-4169-a508-ef2877d67c03",
      "value": "Malicious App Registrations"
    },
    {
      "description": "Add Service Principal or App Credentials",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fd6b47aa-2bd2-4a17-bfd7-104188ff4adc",
      "value": "Add Service Principal or App Credentials"
    },
    {
      "description": "Add Service Principal",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "5148933b-7c65-4229-a545-0cc8d23c0587",
      "value": "Add Service Principal"
    },
    {
      "description": "Add Federation Trust",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "26af635c-5441-4465-bc98-8d764762bfd5",
      "value": "Add Federation Trust"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Add Mail forwarding rule",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "80308e39-11e9-45b2-b6d2-f13f3de509ab",
      "value": "O365 - Add Mail forwarding rule"
    },
    {
      "description": "Add Global admin account",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "a9c1f718-b9bf-4efc-9fa1-852b6c93f725",
      "value": "Add Global admin account"
    },
    {
      "description": "Add user account",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "cef7c750-18fb-47b4-8471-b5a8ce4f83d0",
      "value": "Add user account"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Delegate Tenant Admin",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "2f10dbd7-89e4-4929-8bdc-8ca167f08ace",
      "value": "O365 - Delegate Tenant Admin"
    },
    {
      "description": "End Point - Persistence throught Outlook Home Page: SensePost Ruler",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "708790c8-3e6f-4dd3-8f89-0651ef71dfe0",
      "value": "End Point - Persistence throught Outlook Home Page: SensePost Ruler"
    },
    {
      "description": "End Point - Persistence throught custom Outlook form",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "aadc2552-97db-419c-a414-5c1f862d38ef",
      "value": "End Point - Persistence throught custom Outlook form"
    },
    {
      "description": "Mailbox Rule Creation",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "d023f254-466b-436b-acfd-beea54c323b1",
      "value": "Mailbox Rule Creation"
    },
    {
      "description": "Mailbox Folder Permissions",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "2f11c018-cf49-4361-b17c-573dbab1005f",
      "value": "Mailbox Folder Permissions"
    },
    {
      "description": "Mail Flow (Transport Rules)",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fe3dbf72-3bfe-4387-b9e0-f0a135a8f21b",
      "value": "Mail Flow (Transport Rules)"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - MailSniper: Search Mailbox for credentials",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fccf7c5a-7d2c-413b-ae45-d5ab226c8ba8",
      "value": "O365 - MailSniper: Search Mailbox for credentials"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Search for Content with eDiscovery",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion",
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "fe65c7ed-7129-4591-a82e-a223b0cdbf14",
      "value": "O365 - Search for Content with eDiscovery"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Account Takeover: Add-MailboxPermission",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "19f22ecb-8470-4f69-a763-46a19afe6c5d",
      "value": "O365 - Account Takeover: Add-MailboxPermission"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Pivot to On-Prem host: SensePost Ruler",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "c0010a9d-666e-4cfd-a9b3-21f5861ecdf6",
      "value": "O365 - Pivot to On-Prem host: SensePost Ruler"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Exchange Tasks for C2: MWR",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "9ada2a83-c632-4c9c-91cd-b1d7b947e44a",
      "value": "O365 - Exchange Tasks for C2: MWR"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Send Internal Email",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "685af033-af7b-4582-a539-5f1f9080fd98",
      "value": "O365 - Send Internal Email"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Search Mailboxes with eDiscovery searches (EXO, Teams, SPO, OD4B, Skype4B)",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "0f33ff1e-2305-4239-8d30-38edcfe2511a",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Search Mailboxes with eDiscovery searches (EXO, Teams, SPO, OD4B, Skype4B)"
    },
    {
      "description": "On-Prem Exchange - Delegation",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Expansion"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "a69da576-7ed2-4b29-8c4a-6c16bd2c2a54",
      "value": "On-Prem Exchange - Delegation"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - MailSniper: Search Mailbox for content",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "ae6eb93b-503f-49b5-98db-3f282551facb",
      "value": "O365 - MailSniper: Search Mailbox for content"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Exfiltration email using EWS APIs with PowerShell",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "4d67a417-169c-47d0-a7fa-d710b9e2f611",
      "value": "O365 - Exfiltration email using EWS APIs with PowerShell"
    },
    {
      "description": "Downgrade License",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "6407e2b8-2266-496f-b8bd-5757d99d20e9",
      "value": "Downgrade License"
    },
    {
      "description": "Impersonate Users",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "d4cec16a-ef8e-4c97-aa6a-1d95cd03e10e",
      "value": "Impersonate Users"
    },
    {
      "description": "Assign Administrative Role to Service Principal",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Persistence",
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "1b302149-dccc-4d63-8d4d-47217ba7fc90",
      "value": "Assign Administrative Role to Service Principal"
    },
    {
      "description": "Elevate to User Access Administrator Role",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "8d2b6b21-5d20-4ecd-9be0-c71c826cf8a4",
      "value": "Elevate to User Access Administrator Role"
    },
    {
      "description": "eDiscovery Abuse",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "48592f6a-76cc-4986-b434-1d3342fb30bc",
      "value": "eDiscovery Abuse"
    },
    {
      "description": "O365 - Download documents, messages and email",
      "meta": {
        "kill_chain": [
          "tactics:Actions on Intent"
        ]
      },
      "uuid": "1ccc00f8-d4b5-4c72-a7c0-a53127497a7c",
      "value": "O365 - Download documents, messages and email"
    }
  ],
  "version": 2
}