From 225f834d70cda893af02db77b318dcd6adb1bc00 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexandre Dulaunoy Date: Sun, 24 Dec 2023 14:07:40 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] chg: [misp-taxonomy] updated to the latest version --- misp-taxonomy-format/Makefile | 2 +- misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md | 297 ++++-- misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md.txt | 1636 +++++++++++++++++-------------- 3 files changed, 1116 insertions(+), 819 deletions(-) diff --git a/misp-taxonomy-format/Makefile b/misp-taxonomy-format/Makefile index 8a7138f..3c90d93 100644 --- a/misp-taxonomy-format/Makefile +++ b/misp-taxonomy-format/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -MMARK:=mmark -xml2 -page +MMARK:=mmark docs = $(wildcard *.md) diff --git a/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md b/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md index d5d9c7c..dc15569 100755 --- a/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md +++ b/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md @@ -5,8 +5,13 @@ category = "info" docName = "draft-dulaunoy-misp-taxonomy-format" ipr= "trust200902" area = "Security" +submissiontype = "independent" -date = 2017-11-29T00:00:00Z +[seriesInfo] +name = "Internet-Draft" +value = "draft-08" +stream = "independent" +status = "informational" [[author]] initials="A." @@ -18,9 +23,9 @@ organization = "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg" email = "alexandre.dulaunoy@circl.lu" phone = "+352 247 88444" [author.address.postal] - street = "16, bd d'Avranches" + street = "122, rue Adolphe Fischer" city = "Luxembourg" - code = "L-1611" + code = "L-1521" country = "Luxembourg" [[author]] initials="A." @@ -32,9 +37,9 @@ organization = "Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg" email = "andras.iklody@circl.lu" phone = "+352 247 88444" [author.address.postal] - street = " 16, bd d'Avranches" + street = "122, rue Adolphe Fischer" city = "Luxembourg" - code = "L-1611" + code = "L-1521" country = "Luxembourg" %%% @@ -431,9 +436,15 @@ The public directory of MISP taxonomies [@?MISP-T] contains a variety of taxonom CERT-XLM: : CERT-XLM Security Incident Classification. +DFRLab-dichotomies-of-disinformation: +: DFRLab Dichotomies of Disinformation. + DML: : The Detection Maturity Level (DML) model is a capability maturity model for referencing ones maturity in detecting cyber attacks. It's designed for organizations who perform intel-driven detection and response and who put an emphasis on having a mature detection program. +GrayZone: +: Gray Zone of Active defense includes all elements which lay between reactive defense elements and offensive operations. It does fill the gray spot between them. Taxo may be used for active defense planning or modeling. + PAP: : The Permissible Actions Protocol - or short: PAP - was designed to indicate how the received information can be used. @@ -447,13 +458,13 @@ action-taken: : Action taken in the case of a security incident (CSIRT perspective). admiralty-scale: -: The Admiralty Scale (also called the NATO System) is used to rank the reliability of a source and the credibility of an information. +: The Admiralty Scale or Ranking (also called the NATO System) is used to rank the reliability of a source and the credibility of an information. Reference based on FM 2-22.3 (FM 34-52) HUMAN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTOR OPERATIONS and NATO documents. adversary: -: An overview and description of the adversary infrastructure. +: An overview and description of the adversary infrastructure ais-marking: -: AIS Marking Schema implementation is maintained by the National Cybersecurity and Communication Integration Center (NCCIC) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) +: The AIS Marking Schema implementation is maintained by the National Cybersecurity and Communication Integration Center (NCCIC) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) analyst-assessment: : A series of assessment predicates describing the analyst capabilities to perform analysis. These assessment can be assigned by the analyst him/herself or by another party evaluating the analyst. @@ -461,6 +472,12 @@ analyst-assessment: approved-category-of-action: : A pre-approved category of action for indicators being shared with partners (MIMIC). +artificial-satellites: +: This taxonomy was designed to describe artificial satellites + +aviation: +: A taxonomy describing security threats or incidents against the aviation sector. + binary-class: : Custom taxonomy for types of binary file. @@ -468,98 +485,152 @@ cccs: : Internal taxonomy for CCCS. circl: -: CIRCL Taxonomy is a simple scheme for incident classification and area topic where the incident took place. +: CIRCL Taxonomy - Schemes of Classification in Incident Response and Detection. + +cnsd: +: La presente taxonomia es la primera versión disponible para el Centro Nacional de Seguridad Digital del Perú. + +coa: +: Course of action taken within organization to discover, detect, deny, disrupt, degrade, deceive and/or destroy an attack. collaborative-intelligence: -: Collaborative intelligence support language is a common language to support analysts to perform their analysis to get crowdsourced support when using threat intelligence sharing platform like MISP. +: Collaborative intelligence support language is a common language to support analysts to perform their analysis to get crowdsourced support when using threat intelligence sharing platform like MISP. The objective of this language is to advance collaborative analysis and to share earlier than later. common-taxonomy: -: The Common Taxonomy for Law Enforcement and The National Network of CSIRTs bridges the gap between the CSIRTs and international Law Enforcement communities by adding a legislative framework to facilitate the harmonisation of incident reporting to competent authorities, the development of useful statistics and sharing information within the entire cybercrime ecosystem. +: Common Taxonomy for Law enforcement and CSIRTs copine-scale: -: The COPINE Scale is a rating system created in Ireland and used in the United Kingdom to categorise the severity of images of child sex abuse. +: The COPINE Scale is a rating system created in Ireland and used in the United Kingdom to categorise the severity of images of child sex abuse. The scale was developed by staff at the COPINE (Combating Paedophile Information Networks in Europe) project. The COPINE Project was founded in 1997, and is based in the Department of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Ireland. + +course-of-action: +: A Course Of Action analysis considers six potential courses of action for the development of a cyber security capability. + +crowdsec: +: Crowdsec IP address classifications and behaviors taxonomy. cryptocurrency-threat: : Threats targetting cryptocurrency, based on CipherTrace report. +csirt-americas: +: Taxonomía CSIRT Américas. + csirt_case_classification: -: FIRST CSIRT Case Classification. +: It is critical that the CSIRT provide consistent and timely response to the customer, and that sensitive information is handled appropriately. This document provides the guidelines needed for CSIRT Incident Managers (IM) to classify the case category, criticality level, and sensitivity level for each CSIRT case. This information will be entered into the Incident Tracking System (ITS) when a case is created. Consistent case classification is required for the CSIRT to provide accurate reporting to management on a regular basis. In addition, the classifications will provide CSIRT IM’s with proper case handling procedures and will form the basis of SLA’s between the CSIRT and other Company departments. cssa: : The CSSA agreed sharing taxonomy. +cti: +: Cyber Threat Intelligence cycle to control workflow state of your process. + +current-event: +: Current events - Schemes of Classification in Incident Response and Detection + cyber-threat-framework: : Cyber Threat Framework was developed by the US Government to enable consistent characterization and categorization of cyber threat events, and to identify trends or changes in the activities of cyber adversaries. https://www.dni.gov/index.php/cyber-threat-framework +cycat: +: Taxonomy used by CyCAT, the Universal Cybersecurity Resource Catalogue, to categorize the namespaces it supports and uses. + +cytomic-orion: +: Taxonomy to describe desired actions for Cytomic Orion + +dark-web: +: Criminal motivation and content detection the dark web: A categorisation model for law enforcement. ref: Janis Dalins, Campbell Wilson, Mark Carman. Taxonomy updated by MISP Project and extended by the JRC (Joint Research Centre) of the European Commission. + data-classification: : Data classification for data potentially at risk of exfiltration based on table 2.1 of Solving Cyber Risk book. dcso-sharing: -: DCSO Sharing Taxonomy to classify certain types of MISP events using the DCSO Event Guide +: Taxonomy defined in the DCSO MISP Event Guide. It provides guidance for the creation and consumption of MISP events in a way that minimises the extra effort for the sending party, while enhancing the usefulness for receiving parties. ddos: : Distributed Denial of Service - or short: DDoS - taxonomy supports the description of Denial of Service attacks and especially the types they belong too. de-vs: -: Taxonomy for the handling of protectively marked information in MISP with German (DE) Government classification markings (VS) +: German (DE) Government classification markings (VS). + +death-possibilities: +: Taxonomy of Death Possibilities + +deception: +: Deception is an important component of information operations, valuable for both offense and defense. + +dga: +: A taxonomy to describe domain-generation algorithms often called DGA. Ref: A Comprehensive Measurement Study of Domain Generating Malware Daniel Plohmann and others. dhs-ciip-sectors: -: DHS critical sectors as described in https://www.dhs.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors. +: DHS critical sectors as in https://www.dhs.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors diamond-model: -: The Diamond Model for Intrusion Analysis, a phase-based model developed by Lockheed Martin, aims to help categorise and identify the stage of an attack. +: The Diamond Model for Intrusion Analysis establishes the basic atomic element of any intrusion activity, the event, composed of four core features: adversary, infrastructure, capability, and victim. + +diamond-model-for-influence-operations: +: The diamond model for influence operations analysis is a framework that leads analysts and researchers toward a comprehensive understanding of a malign influence campaign by addressing the socio-political, technical, and psychological aspects of the campaign. The diamond model for influence operations analysis consists of 5 components: 4 corners and a core element. The 4 corners are divided into 2 axes: influencer and audience on the socio-political axis, capabilities and infrastructure on the technical axis. Narrative makes up the core of the diamond. dni-ism: -: ISM (Information Security Marking Metadata) V13 as described by DNI.gov (Director of National Intelligence - US). +: A subset of Information Security Marking Metadata ISM as required by Executive Order (EO) 13526. As described by DNI.gov as Data Encoding Specifications for Information Security Marking Metadata in Controlled Vocabulary Enumeration Values for ISM domain-abuse: -: Taxonomy to tag domain names used for cybercrime. +: Domain Name Abuse - taxonomy to tag domain names used for cybercrime. + +doping-substances: +: This taxonomy aims to list doping substances drugs: -: A taxonomy based on the superclass and class of drugs, based on https://www.drugbank.ca/releases/latest +: A taxonomy based on the superclass and class of drugs. Based on https://www.drugbank.ca/releases/latest economical-impact: -: Economical impact is a taxonomy to describe the financial impact as positive or negative gain to the tagged information. +: Economical impact is a taxonomy to describe the financial impact as positive or negative gain to the tagged information (e.g. data exfiltration loss, a positive gain for an adversary). ecsirt: -: eCSIRT incident classification Appendix C of the eCSIRT EU project including IntelMQ updates. +: Incident Classification by the ecsirt.net version mkVI of 31 March 2015 enriched with IntelMQ taxonomy-type mapping. enisa: -: ENISA Threat Taxonomy - A tool for structuring threat information as published in https://www.enisa.europa.eu/topics/threat-risk-management/threats-and-trends/enisa-threat-landscape/etl2015/enisa-threat-taxonomy-a-tool-for-structuring-threat-information +: The present threat taxonomy is an initial version that has been developed on the basis of available ENISA material. This material has been used as an ENISA-internal structuring aid for information collection and threat consolidation purposes. It emerged in the time period 2012-2015. estimative-language: -: Estimative language - including likelihood or probability of event based on the Intelligence Community Directive 203 (ICD 203) (6.2.(a)) and JP 2-0, Joint Intelligence. +: Estimative language to describe quality and credibility of underlying sources, data, and methodologies based Intelligence Community Directive 203 (ICD 203) and JP 2-0, Joint Intelligence eu-marketop-and-publicadmin: -: Market operators and public administrations that must comply to some notifications requirements under EU NIS directive. +: Market operators and public administrations that must comply to some notifications requirements under EU NIS directive eu-nis-sector-and-subsectors: -: Sectors and sub sectors as identified by the NIS Directive. +: Sectors, subsectors, and digital services as identified by the NIS Directive euci: -: EU classified information (EUCI) means any information or material designated by a EU security classification, the unauthorised disclosure of which could cause varying degrees of prejudice to the interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States as described in COUNCIL DECISION of 23 September 2013 on the security rules for protecting EU classified information +: EU classified information (EUCI) means any information or material designated by a EU security classification, the unauthorised disclosure of which could cause varying degrees of prejudice to the interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States. europol-event: -: EUROPOL type of events taxonomy. +: This taxonomy was designed to describe the type of events europol-incident: -: EUROPOL class of incident taxonomy. +: This taxonomy was designed to describe the type of incidents by class. event-assessment: : A series of assessment predicates describing the event assessment performed to make judgement(s) under a certain level of uncertainty. event-classification: -: Event Classification. +: Classification of events as seen in tools such as RT/IR, MISP and other exercise: : Exercise is a taxonomy to describe if the information is part of one or more cyber or crisis exercise. +extended-event: +: Reasons why an event has been extended. This taxonomy must be used on the extended event. The competitive analysis aspect is from Psychology of Intelligence Analysis by Richard J. Heuer, Jr. ref:http://www.foo.be/docs/intelligence/PsychofIntelNew.pdf + +failure-mode-in-machine-learning: +: The purpose of this taxonomy is to jointly tabulate both the of these failure modes in a single place. Intentional failures wherein the failure is caused by an active adversary attempting to subvert the system to attain her goals – either to misclassify the result, infer private training data, or to steal the underlying algorithm. Unintentional failures wherein the failure is because an ML system produces a formally correct but completely unsafe outcome. + false-positive: : This taxonomy aims to ballpark the expected amount of false positives. file-type: : List of known file types. +financial: +: Financial taxonomy to describe financial services, infrastructure and financial scope. + flesch-reading-ease: : Flesch Reading Ease is a revised system for determining the comprehension difficulty of written material. The scoring of the flesh score can have a maximum of 121.22 and there is no limit on how low a score can be (negative score are valid). @@ -567,11 +638,20 @@ fpf: : The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) [visual guide to practical de-identification](https://fpf.org/2016/04/25/a-visual-guide-to-practical-data-de-identification/) taxonomy is used to evaluate the degree of identifiability of personal data and the types of pseudonymous data, de-identified data and anonymous data. The work of FPF is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 international license. fr-classif: -: French gov information classification system. +: French gov information classification system gdpr: : Taxonomy related to the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) +gea-nz-activities: +: Information needed to track or monitor moments, periods or events that occur over time. This type of information is focused on occurrences that must be tracked for business reasons or represent a specific point in the evolution of ‘The Business’. + +gea-nz-entities: +: Information relating to instances of entities or things. + +gea-nz-motivators: +: Information relating to authority or governance. + gsma-attack-category: : Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with telco describing the attack categories @@ -582,31 +662,61 @@ gsma-network-technology: : Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with telco describing the types of infrastructure. WiP honeypot-basic: -: Christian Seifert, Ian Welch, Peter Komisarczuk, ‘Taxonomy of Honeypots’, Technical Report CS-TR-06/12, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON, School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, June 2006, http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/comp/Publications/archive/CS-TR-06/CS-TR-06-12.pdf +: Updated (CIRCL, Seamus Dowling and EURECOM) from Christian Seifert, Ian Welch, Peter Komisarczuk, ‘Taxonomy of Honeypots’, Technical Report CS-TR-06/12, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON, School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, June 2006, http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/comp/Publications/archive/CS-TR-06/CS-TR-06-12.pdf + +ics: +: FIRST.ORG CTI SIG - MISP Proposal for ICS/OT Threat Attribution (IOC) Project iep: -: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) framework. +: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) framework + +iep2-policy: +: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) v2.0 Policy + +iep2-reference: +: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) v2.0 Reference ifx-vetting: : The IFX taxonomy is used to categorise information (MISP events and attributes) to aid in the intelligence vetting process incident-disposition: -: How an incident is classified in its process to be resolved. The taxonomy is inspired from NASA Incident Response and Management Handbook. +: How an incident is classified in its process to be resolved. The taxonomy is inspired from NASA Incident Response and Management Handbook. https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/589502main_ITS-HBK-2810.09-02%20%5bNASA%20Information%20Security%20Incident%20Management%5d.pdf#page=9 infoleak: -: A taxonomy describing information leaks and especially information classified as being potentially leaked. +: A taxonomy describing information leaks and especially information classified as being potentially leaked. The taxonomy is based on the work by CIRCL on the AIL framework. The taxonomy aim is to be used at large to improve classification of leaked information. + +information-origin: +: Taxonomy for tagging information by its origin: human-generated or AI-generated. information-security-data-source: -: Taxonomy to classify the information security data sources +: Taxonomy to classify the information security data sources. information-security-indicators: -: Information security indicators have been standardized by the ETSI Industrial Specification Group (ISG) ISI. These indicators provide the basis to switch from a qualitative to a quantitative culture in IT Security Scope of measurements: External and internal threats (attempt and success), user's deviant behaviours, nonconformities and/or vulnerabilities (software, configuration, behavioural, general security framework). ETSI GS ISI 001-1 (V1.1.2): ISI Indicators +: A full set of operational indicators for organizations to use to benchmark their security posture. + +interactive-cyber-training-audience: +: Describes the target of cyber training and education. + +interactive-cyber-training-technical-setup: +: The technical setup consists of environment structure, deployment, and orchestration. + +interactive-cyber-training-training-environment: +: The training environment details the environment around the training, consisting of training type and scenario. + +interactive-cyber-training-training-setup: +: The training setup further describes the training itself with the scoring, roles, the training mode as well as the customization level. interception-method: : The interception method used to intercept traffic. +ioc: +: An IOC classification to facilitate automation of malicious and non malicious artifacts + +iot: +: Internet of Things taxonomy, based on IOT UK report https://iotuk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/IOT-Taxonomy-Report.pdf + kill-chain: -: Cyber Kill Chain from Lockheed Martin as described in Intelligence-Driven Computer Network Defense Informed by Analysis of Adversary Campaigns and Intrusion Kill Chains. +: The Cyber Kill Chain, a phase-based model developed by Lockheed Martin, aims to help categorise and identify the stage of an attack. maec-delivery-vectors: : Vectors used to deliver malware based on MAEC 5.0 @@ -621,79 +731,154 @@ maec-malware-obfuscation-methods: : Obfuscation methods used by malware based on MAEC 5.0 malware_classification: -: Malware classification based on a SANS whitepaper about malware. +: Classification based on different categories. Based on https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/incident/malware-101-viruses-32848 + +misinformation-website-label: +: classification for the identification of type of misinformation among websites. Source:False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical News Sources by Melissa Zimdars 2019 misp: -: Internal MISP taxonomy. +: MISP taxonomy to infer with MISP behavior or operation. + +misp-workflow: +: MISP workflow taxonomy to support result of workflow execution. monarc-threat: -: MONARC threat taxonomy. +: MONARC Threats Taxonomy ms-caro-malware: -: Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. +: Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. Based on https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/malwarenaming.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/glossary.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/objectivecriteria.aspx, and http://www.caro.org/definitions/index.html. Malware families are extracted from Microsoft SIRs since 2008 based on https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx and https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/threat/threats.aspx. Note that SIRs do NOT include all Microsoft malware families. ms-caro-malware-full: -: Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. +: Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. Based on https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/malwarenaming.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/glossary.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/objectivecriteria.aspx, and http://www.caro.org/definitions/index.html. Malware families are extracted from Microsoft SIRs since 2008 based on https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx and https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/threat/threats.aspx. Note that SIRs do NOT include all Microsoft malware families. + +mwdb: +: Malware Database (mwdb) Taxonomy - Tags used across the platform nato: -: Marking of Classified and Unclassified materials as described by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO. +: NATO classification markings. nis: -: NIS Cybersecurity Incident Taxonomy. +: The taxonomy is meant for large scale cybersecurity incidents, as mentioned in the Commission Recommendation of 13 September 2017, also known as the blueprint. It has two core parts: The nature of the incident, i.e. the underlying cause, that triggered the incident, and the impact of the incident, i.e. the impact on services, in which sector(s) of economy and society. + +nis2: +: The taxonomy is meant for large scale cybersecurity incidents, as mentioned in the Commission Recommendation of 13 May 2022, also known as the provisional agreement. It has two core parts: The nature of the incident, i.e. the underlying cause, that triggered the incident, and the impact of the incident, i.e. the impact on services, in which sector(s) of economy and society. open_threat: -: Open Threat Taxonomy v1.1 base on James Tarala of SANS ref. - http://www.auditscripts.com/resources/open_threat_taxonomy_v1.1a.pdf +: Open Threat Taxonomy v1.1 base on James Tarala of SANS http://www.auditscripts.com/resources/open_threat_taxonomy_v1.1a.pdf, https://files.sans.org/summit/Threat_Hunting_Incident_Response_Summit_2016/PDFs/Using-Open-Tools-to-Convert-Threat-Intelligence-into-Practical-Defenses-James-Tarala-SANS-Institute.pdf, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rdGOOFC_yE, and https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/str-r04_using-an-open-source-threat-model-for-prioritized-defense-final.pdf osint: -: Open Source Intelligence - Classification (MISP taxonomies). +: Open Source Intelligence - Classification (MISP taxonomies) + +pandemic: +: Pandemic passivetotal: -: Tags for RiskIQ's passivetotal service +: Tags from RiskIQ's PassiveTotal service pentest: : Penetration test (pentest) classification. +phishing: +: Taxonomy to classify phishing attacks including techniques, collection mechanisms and analysis status. + +poison-taxonomy: +: Non-exhaustive taxonomy of natural poison + +political-spectrum: +: A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to one another. + priority-level: : After an incident is scored, it is assigned a priority level. The six levels listed below are aligned with NCCIC, DHS, and the CISS to help provide a common lexicon when discussing incidents. This priority assignment drives NCCIC urgency, pre-approved incident response offerings, reporting requirements, and recommendations for leadership escalation. Generally, incident priority distribution should follow a similar pattern to the graph below. Based on https://www.us-cert.gov/NCCIC-Cyber-Incident-Scoring-System. +pyoti: +: PyOTI automated enrichment schemes for point in time classification of indicators. + +ransomware: +: Ransomware is used to define ransomware types and the elements that compose them. + +ransomware-roles: +: The seven roles seen in most ransomware incidents. + +retention: +: Add a retenion time to events to automatically remove the IDS-flag on ip-dst or ip-src attributes. We calculate the time elapsed based on the date of the event. Supported time units are: d(ays), w(eeks), m(onths), y(ears). The numerical_value is just for sorting in the web-interface and is not used for calculations. + rsit: -: Reference Security Incident Classification Taxonomy. +: Reference Security Incident Classification Taxonomy rt_event_status: : Status of events used in Request Tracker. runtime-packer: -: Runtime or software packer used to combine compressed data with the decompression code. The decompression code can add additional obfuscations mechanisms including polymorphic-packer or other obfuscation techniques. This taxonomy lists all the known or official packer used for legitimate use or for packing malicious binaries. +: Runtime or software packer used to combine compressed or encrypted data with the decompression or decryption code. This code can add additional obfuscations mechanisms including polymorphic-packer or other obfuscation techniques. This taxonomy lists all the known or official packer used for legitimate use or for packing malicious binaries. + +scrippsco2-fgc: +: Flags describing the sample + +scrippsco2-fgi: +: Flags describing the sample for isotopic data (C14, O18) + +scrippsco2-sampling-stations: +: Sampling stations of the Scripps CO2 Program + +sentinel-threattype: +: Sentinel indicator threat types. smart-airports-threats: -: Threat taxonomy in the scope of securing smart airports by ENISA. +: Threat taxonomy in the scope of securing smart airports by ENISA. https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/securing-smart-airports + +social-engineering-attack-vectors: +: Attack vectors used in social engineering as described in 'A Taxonomy of Social Engineering Defense Mechanisms' by Dalal Alharthi and others. + +srbcert: +: SRB-CERT Taxonomy - Schemes of Classification in Incident Response and Detection + +state-responsibility: +: A spectrum of state responsibility to more directly tie the goals of attribution to the needs of policymakers. stealth_malware: -: Classification based on malware stealth techniques. +: Classification based on malware stealth techniques. Described in https://vxheaven.org/lib/pdf/Introducing%20Stealth%20Malware%20Taxonomy.pdf stix-ttp: -: Representation of the behavior or modus operandi of cyber adversaries (a.k.a TTP) as normalized in STIX +: TTPs are representations of the behavior or modus operandi of cyber adversaries. targeted-threat-index: : The Targeted Threat Index is a metric for assigning an overall threat ranking score to email messages that deliver malware to a victim’s computer. The TTI metric was first introduced at SecTor 2013 by Seth Hardy as part of the talk “RATastrophe: Monitoring a Malware Menagerie” along with Katie Kleemola and Greg Wiseman. +thales_group: +: Thales Group Taxonomy - was designed with the aim of enabling desired sharing and preventing unwanted sharing between Thales Group security communities. + +threatmatch: +: The ThreatMatch Sectors, Incident types, Malware types and Alert types are applicable for any ThreatMatch instances and should be used for all CIISI and TIBER Projects. + +threats-to-dns: +: An overview of some of the known attacks related to DNS as described by Torabi, S., Boukhtouta, A., Assi, C., & Debbabi, M. (2018) in Detecting Internet Abuse by Analyzing Passive DNS Traffic: A Survey of Implemented Systems. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 1–1. doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2849614 + tlp: -: The Traffic Light Protocol - or short: TLP - was designed with the objective to create a favorable classification scheme for sharing sensitive information while keeping the control over its distribution at the same time. Extended with TLP:EX:CHR. +: The Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) (v2.0) was created to facilitate greater sharing of potentially sensitive information and more effective collaboration. Information sharing happens from an information source, towards one or more recipients. TLP is a set of four standard labels (a fifth label is included in amber to limit the diffusion) used to indicate the sharing boundaries to be applied by the recipients. Only labels listed in this standard are considered valid by FIRST. This taxonomy includes additional labels for backward compatibility which are no more validated by FIRST SIG. tor: : Taxonomy to describe Tor network infrastructure +trust: +: The Indicator of Trust provides insight about data on what can be trusted and known as a good actor. Similar to a whitelist but on steroids, reusing features one would use with Indicators of Compromise, but to filter out what is known to be good. + type: : Taxonomy to describe different types of intelligence gathering discipline which can be described the origin of intelligence. +unified-kill-chain: +: The Unified Kill Chain is a refinement to the Kill Chain. + use-case-applicability: : The Use Case Applicability categories reflect standard resolution categories, to clearly display alerting rule configuration problems. veris: -: Vocabulary for Event Recording and Incident Sharing (VERIS). +: Vocabulary for Event Recording and Incident Sharing (VERIS) + +vmray: +: VMRay taxonomies to map VMRay Thread Identifier scores and artifacts. vocabulaire-des-probabilites-estimatives: -: Vocabulaire des probabilités estimatives +: Ce vocabulaire attribue des valeurs en pourcentage à certains énoncés de probabilité workflow: : Workflow support language is a common language to support intelligence analysts to perform their analysis on data and information. diff --git a/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md.txt b/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md.txt index 49a7be7..cfb1c97 100644 --- a/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md.txt +++ b/misp-taxonomy-format/raw.md.txt @@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ Network Working Group A. Dulaunoy Internet-Draft A. Iklody Intended status: Informational CIRCL -Expires: June 2, 2018 November 29, 2017 +Expires: 26 June 2024 24 December 2023 MISP taxonomy format - draft-dulaunoy-misp-taxonomy-format + draft-08 Abstract @@ -35,32 +35,29 @@ Status of This Memo time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." - This Internet-Draft will expire on June 2, 2018. + This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 June 2024. Copyright Notice - Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the + Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal - Provisions Relating to IETF Documents - (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of - publication of this document. Please review these documents - carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect - to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must - include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of + Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ + license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. + Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights + and restrictions with respect to this document. -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 1] + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 1] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as - described in the Simplified BSD License. - Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 @@ -79,13 +76,11 @@ Table of Contents 4.1. Admiralty Scale Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2. Open Source Intelligence - Classification . . . . . . . . 9 4.3. Available taxonomies in the public directory . . . . . . 11 - 5. JSON Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 - 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - 7.3. URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 + 5. JSON Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 + 6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 + 7. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 + 8. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 + Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1. Introduction @@ -105,21 +100,20 @@ Table of Contents information to users and machines. Machine tags are also known as triple tags due to their format. - - - - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 2] - -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 - - In the MISP taxonomy context, machine tags help analysts to classify their cybersecurity events, indicators or threats. MISP taxonomies can be used for classification, filtering, triggering actions or visualisation depending on their use in threat intelligence platforms such as MISP [MISP-P]. + + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 2] + +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 + + 1.1. Conventions and Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", @@ -135,9 +129,9 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 sample machine tags for different namespaces such as tlp, admiralty- scale and osint. - tlp:amber - admiralty-scale:information-credibility="1" - osint:source-type="blog-post" + tlp:amber + admiralty-scale:information-credibility="1" + osint:source-type="blog-post" The MISP taxonomy format describes how to define a machine tag namespace in a parseable format. The objective is to provide a @@ -161,15 +155,6 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 event level only. An exclusive boolean property MAY be present and defines at namespace level if the predicates are mutually exclusive. - - - - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 3] - -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 - - predicates defines all the predicates available in the namespace defined. predicates is represented as an array of JSON objects. predicates MUST be present and MUST at least content one element. @@ -177,6 +162,14 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 values defines all the values for each predicate in the namespace defined. values SHOULD be present. + + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 3] + +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 + + 2.2. predicates The predicates array contains one or more JSON objects which lists @@ -221,26 +214,33 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 4] + + + + + + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 4] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - "predicates": [ - { - "colour": "#CC0033", - "expanded": "(TLP:RED) Information exclusively and directly - given to (a group of) individual recipients. - Sharing outside is not legitimate.", - "value": "red" - }, - { - "colour": "#FFC000", - "expanded": "(TLP:AMBER) Information exclusively given - to an organization; sharing limited within - the organization to be effectively acted upon.", - "value": "amber" - }...] + "predicates": [ + { + "colour": "#CC0033", + "expanded": "(TLP:RED) Information exclusively and directly + given to (a group of) individual recipients. + Sharing outside is not legitimate.", + "value": "red" + }, + { + "colour": "#FFC000", + "expanded": "(TLP:AMBER) Information exclusively given + to an organization; sharing limited within + the organization to be effectively acted upon.", + "value": "amber" + }...] 2.4.2. description @@ -277,45 +277,45 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 5] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 5] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - { - "predicate": "confidence-level", - "entry": [ - { - "expanded": "Completely confident", - "value": "completely-confident", - "numerical_value": 100 - }, - { - "expanded": "Usually confident", - "value": "usually-confident", - "numerical_value": 75 - }, - { - "expanded": "Fairly confident", - "value": "fairly-confident", - "numerical_value": 50 - }, - { - "expanded": "Rarely confident", - "value": "rarely-confident", - "numerical_value": 25 - }, - { - "expanded": "Unconfident", - "value": "unconfident", - "numerical_value": 0 - }, - { - "expanded": "Confidence cannot be evaluated", - "value": "confidence-cannot-be-evalued" - } - ] - } + { + "predicate": "confidence-level", + "entry": [ + { + "expanded": "Completely confident", + "value": "completely-confident", + "numerical_value": 100 + }, + { + "expanded": "Usually confident", + "value": "usually-confident", + "numerical_value": 75 + }, + { + "expanded": "Fairly confident", + "value": "fairly-confident", + "numerical_value": 50 + }, + { + "expanded": "Rarely confident", + "value": "rarely-confident", + "numerical_value": 25 + }, + { + "expanded": "Unconfident", + "value": "unconfident", + "numerical_value": 0 + }, + { + "expanded": "Confidence cannot be evaluated", + "value": "confidence-cannot-be-evalued" + } + ] + } 3. Directory @@ -333,9 +333,9 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 6] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 6] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 3.1. Sample Manifest @@ -366,98 +366,98 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 4.1. Admiralty Scale Taxonomy - "namespace": "admiralty-scale", - "description": "The Admiralty Scale (also called the NATO System) - is used to rank the reliability of a source and - the credibility of an information.", - "version": 1, - "predicates": [ - { - "value": "source-reliability", - "expanded": "Source Reliability" - }, - { - "value": "information-credibility", - "expanded": "Information Credibility" - } - ], - "values": [ - { - "predicate": "source-reliability", - "entry": [ - { + "namespace": "admiralty-scale", + "description": "The Admiralty Scale (also called the NATO System) + is used to rank the reliability of a source and + the credibility of an information.", + "version": 1, + "predicates": [ + { + "value": "source-reliability", + "expanded": "Source Reliability" + }, + { + "value": "information-credibility", + "expanded": "Information Credibility" + } + ], + "values": [ + { + "predicate": "source-reliability", + "entry": [ + { -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 7] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 7] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - "value": "a", - "expanded": "Completely reliable" - }, - { - "value": "b", - "expanded": "Usually reliable" - }, - { - "value": "c", - "expanded": "Fairly reliable" - }, - { - "value": "d", - "expanded": "Not usually reliable" - }, - { - "value": "e", - "expanded": "Unreliable" - }, - { - "value": "f", - "expanded": "Reliability cannot be judged" - } - ] - }, - { - "predicate": "information-credibility", - "entry": [ - { - "value": "1", - "expanded": "Confirmed by other sources" - }, - { - "value": "2", - "expanded": "Probably true" - }, - { - "value": "3", - "expanded": "Possibly true" - }, - { - "value": "4", - "expanded": "Doubtful" - }, - { - "value": "5", - "expanded": "Improbable" - }, + "value": "a", + "expanded": "Completely reliable" + }, + { + "value": "b", + "expanded": "Usually reliable" + }, + { + "value": "c", + "expanded": "Fairly reliable" + }, + { + "value": "d", + "expanded": "Not usually reliable" + }, + { + "value": "e", + "expanded": "Unreliable" + }, + { + "value": "f", + "expanded": "Reliability cannot be judged" + } + ] + }, + { + "predicate": "information-credibility", + "entry": [ + { + "value": "1", + "expanded": "Confirmed by other sources" + }, + { + "value": "2", + "expanded": "Probably true" + }, + { + "value": "3", + "expanded": "Possibly true" + }, + { + "value": "4", + "expanded": "Doubtful" + }, + { + "value": "5", + "expanded": "Improbable" + }, -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 8] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 8] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - { - "value": "6", - "expanded": "Truth cannot be judged" - } - ] - } - ] - } + { + "value": "6", + "expanded": "Truth cannot be judged" + } + ] + } + ] + } 4.2. Open Source Intelligence - Classification @@ -501,9 +501,9 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 9] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 9] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 "predicate": "source-type" @@ -557,9 +557,9 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 10] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 10] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 "description": "30% Probably not" @@ -600,474 +600,597 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 ] } - 4.3. Available taxonomies in the public directory The public directory of MISP taxonomies [MISP-T] contains a variety of taxonomy in various fields such as: - CERT-XLM: - CERT-XLM Security Incident Classification. - - DML: + CERT-XLM: CERT-XLM Security Incident Classification. + DFRLab-dichotomies-of-disinformation: DFRLab Dichotomies of + Disinformation. + DML: The Detection Maturity Level (DML) model is a capability -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 11] + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 11] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - The Detection Maturity Level (DML) model is a capability maturity - model for referencing ones maturity in detecting cyber attacks. - It's designed for organizations who perform intel-driven detection - and response and who put an emphasis on having a mature detection - program. - - PAP: - The Permissible Actions Protocol - or short: PAP - was designed to - indicate how the received information can be used. - - access-method: - The access method used to remotely access a system. - - accessnow: - Access Now classification to classify an issue (such as security, - human rights, youth rights). - - action-taken: - Action taken in the case of a security incident (CSIRT + maturity model for referencing ones maturity in detecting cyber + attacks. It's designed for organizations who perform intel-driven + detection and response and who put an emphasis on having a mature + detection program. + GrayZone: Gray Zone of Active defense includes all elements which + lay between reactive defense elements and offensive operations. + It does fill the gray spot between them. Taxo may be used for + active defense planning or modeling. + PAP: The Permissible Actions Protocol - or short: PAP - was designed + to indicate how the received information can be used. + access-method: The access method used to remotely access a system. + accessnow: Access Now classification to classify an issue (such as + security, human rights, youth rights). + action-taken: Action taken in the case of a security incident (CSIRT perspective). - - admiralty-scale: - The Admiralty Scale (also called the NATO System) is used to rank - the reliability of a source and the credibility of an information. - - adversary: - An overview and description of the adversary infrastructure. - - ais-marking: - AIS Marking Schema implementation is maintained by the National - Cybersecurity and Communication Integration Center (NCCIC) of the - U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) - - analyst-assessment: - A series of assessment predicates describing the analyst - capabilities to perform analysis. These assessment can be + admiralty-scale: The Admiralty Scale or Ranking (also called the + NATO System) is used to rank the reliability of a source and the + credibility of an information. Reference based on FM 2-22.3 (FM + 34-52) HUMAN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTOR OPERATIONS and NATO documents. + adversary: An overview and description of the adversary + infrastructure + ais-marking: The AIS Marking Schema implementation is maintained by + the National Cybersecurity and Communication Integration Center + (NCCIC) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) + analyst-assessment: A series of assessment predicates describing the + analyst capabilities to perform analysis. These assessment can be assigned by the analyst him/herself or by another party evaluating the analyst. - - approved-category-of-action: - A pre-approved category of action for indicators being shared with - partners (MIMIC). - - binary-class: - Custom taxonomy for types of binary file. - - cccs: - Internal taxonomy for CCCS. + approved-category-of-action: A pre-approved category of action for + indicators being shared with partners (MIMIC). + artificial-satellites: This taxonomy was designed to describe + artificial satellites + aviation: A taxonomy describing security threats or incidents + against the aviation sector. + binary-class: Custom taxonomy for types of binary file. + cccs: Internal taxonomy for CCCS. + circl: CIRCL Taxonomy - Schemes of Classification in Incident + Response and Detection. + cnsd: La presente taxonomia es la primera versión disponible + para el Centro Nacional de Seguridad Digital del Perú. + coa: Course of action taken within organization to discover, detect, + deny, disrupt, degrade, deceive and/or destroy an attack. + collaborative-intelligence: Collaborative intelligence support + language is a common language to support analysts to perform their + analysis to get crowdsourced support when using threat + intelligence sharing platform like MISP. The objective of this + language is to advance collaborative analysis and to share earlier + than later. -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 12] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 12] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - circl: - CIRCL Taxonomy is a simple scheme for incident classification and - area topic where the incident took place. - - collaborative-intelligence: - Collaborative intelligence support language is a common language - to support analysts to perform their analysis to get crowdsourced - support when using threat intelligence sharing platform like MISP. - - common-taxonomy: - The Common Taxonomy for Law Enforcement and The National Network - of CSIRTs bridges the gap between the CSIRTs and international Law - Enforcement communities by adding a legislative framework to - facilitate the harmonisation of incident reporting to competent - authorities, the development of useful statistics and sharing - information within the entire cybercrime ecosystem. - - copine-scale: - The COPINE Scale is a rating system created in Ireland and used in - the United Kingdom to categorise the severity of images of child - sex abuse. - - cryptocurrency-threat: - Threats targetting cryptocurrency, based on CipherTrace report. - - csirt_case_classification: - FIRST CSIRT Case Classification. - - cssa: - The CSSA agreed sharing taxonomy. - - cyber-threat-framework: - Cyber Threat Framework was developed by the US Government to - enable consistent characterization and categorization of cyber - threat events, and to identify trends or changes in the activities - of cyber adversaries. - - data-classification: - Data classification for data potentially at risk of exfiltration - based on table 2.1 of Solving Cyber Risk book. - - dcso-sharing: - DCSO Sharing Taxonomy to classify certain types of MISP events - using the DCSO Event Guide - - ddos: + common-taxonomy: Common Taxonomy for Law enforcement and CSIRTs + copine-scale: The COPINE Scale is a rating system created in Ireland + and used in the United Kingdom to categorise the severity of + images of child sex abuse. The scale was developed by staff at + the COPINE (Combating Paedophile Information Networks in Europe) + project. The COPINE Project was founded in 1997, and is based in + the Department of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, + Ireland. + course-of-action: A Course Of Action analysis considers six + potential courses of action for the development of a cyber + security capability. + crowdsec: Crowdsec IP address classifications and behaviors + taxonomy. + cryptocurrency-threat: Threats targetting cryptocurrency, based on + CipherTrace report. + csirt-americas: Taxonomía CSIRT Américas. + csirt_case_classification: It is critical that the CSIRT provide + consistent and timely response to the customer, and that sensitive + information is handled appropriately. This document provides the + guidelines needed for CSIRT Incident Managers (IM) to classify the + case category, criticality level, and sensitivity level for each + CSIRT case. This information will be entered into the Incident + Tracking System (ITS) when a case is created. Consistent case + classification is required for the CSIRT to provide accurate + reporting to management on a regular basis. In addition, the + classifications will provide CSIRT IM's with proper case handling + procedures and will form the basis of SLA's between the CSIRT and + other Company departments. + cssa: The CSSA agreed sharing taxonomy. + cti: Cyber Threat Intelligence cycle to control workflow state of + your process. + current-event: Current events - Schemes of Classification in + Incident Response and Detection + cyber-threat-framework: Cyber Threat Framework was developed by the + US Government to enable consistent characterization and + categorization of cyber threat events, and to identify trends or + changes in the activities of cyber adversaries. + https://www.dni.gov/index.php/cyber-threat-framework + (https://www.dni.gov/index.php/cyber-threat-framework) + cycat: Taxonomy used by CyCAT, the Universal Cybersecurity Resource + Catalogue, to categorize the namespaces it supports and uses. + cytomic-orion: Taxonomy to describe desired actions for Cytomic + Orion + dark-web: Criminal motivation and content detection the dark web: A + categorisation model for law enforcement. ref: Janis Dalins, + Campbell Wilson, Mark Carman. Taxonomy updated by MISP Project + and extended by the JRC (Joint Research Centre) of the European + Commission. - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 13] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 13] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - Distributed Denial of Service - or short: DDoS - taxonomy supports - the description of Denial of Service attacks and especially the - types they belong too. - - de-vs: - Taxonomy for the handling of protectively marked information in - MISP with German (DE) Government classification markings (VS) - - dhs-ciip-sectors: - DHS critical sectors as described in . - - diamond-model: - The Diamond Model for Intrusion Analysis, a phase-based model - developed by Lockheed Martin, aims to help categorise and identify - the stage of an attack. - - dni-ism: - ISM (Information Security Marking Metadata) V13 as described by - DNI.gov (Director of National Intelligence - US). - - domain-abuse: - Taxonomy to tag domain names used for cybercrime. - - drugs: - A taxonomy based on the superclass and class of drugs, based on - - - economical-impact: - Economical impact is a taxonomy to describe the financial impact - as positive or negative gain to the tagged information. - - ecsirt: - eCSIRT incident classification Appendix C of the eCSIRT EU project - including IntelMQ updates. - - enisa: - ENISA Threat Taxonomy - A tool for structuring threat information - as published in - - estimative-language: - Estimative language - including likelihood or probability of event - based on the Intelligence Community Directive 203 (ICD 203) - (6.2.(a)) and JP 2-0, Joint Intelligence. - - eu-marketop-and-publicadmin: + data-classification: Data classification for data potentially at + risk of exfiltration based on table 2.1 of Solving Cyber Risk + book. + dcso-sharing: Taxonomy defined in the DCSO MISP Event Guide. It + provides guidance for the creation and consumption of MISP events + in a way that minimises the extra effort for the sending party, + while enhancing the usefulness for receiving parties. + ddos: Distributed Denial of Service - or short: DDoS - taxonomy + supports the description of Denial of Service attacks and + especially the types they belong too. + de-vs: German (DE) Government classification markings (VS). + death-possibilities: Taxonomy of Death Possibilities + deception: Deception is an important component of information + operations, valuable for both offense and defense. + dga: A taxonomy to describe domain-generation algorithms often + called DGA. Ref: A Comprehensive Measurement Study of Domain + Generating Malware Daniel Plohmann and others. + dhs-ciip-sectors: DHS critical sectors as in https://www.dhs.gov/ + critical-infrastructure-sectors (https://www.dhs.gov/critical- + infrastructure-sectors) + diamond-model: The Diamond Model for Intrusion Analysis establishes + the basic atomic element of any intrusion activity, the event, + composed of four core features: adversary, infrastructure, + capability, and victim. + diamond-model-for-influence-operations: The diamond model for + influence operations analysis is a framework that leads analysts + and researchers toward a comprehensive understanding of a malign + influence campaign by addressing the socio-political, technical, + and psychological aspects of the campaign. The diamond model for + influence operations analysis consists of 5 components: 4 corners + and a core element. The 4 corners are divided into 2 axes: + influencer and audience on the socio-political axis, capabilities + and infrastructure on the technical axis. Narrative makes up the + core of the diamond. + dni-ism: A subset of Information Security Marking Metadata ISM as + required by Executive Order (EO) 13526. As described by DNI.gov + as Data Encoding Specifications for Information Security Marking + Metadata in Controlled Vocabulary Enumeration Values for ISM + domain-abuse: Domain Name Abuse - taxonomy to tag domain names used + for cybercrime. + doping-substances: This taxonomy aims to list doping substances + drugs: A taxonomy based on the superclass and class of drugs. Based + on https://www.drugbank.ca/releases/latest + (https://www.drugbank.ca/releases/latest) + economical-impact: Economical impact is a taxonomy to describe the + financial impact as positive or negative gain to the tagged + information (e.g. data exfiltration loss, a positive gain for an + adversary). -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 14] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 14] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - Market operators and public administrations that must comply to - some notifications requirements under EU NIS directive. - - eu-nis-sector-and-subsectors: - Sectors and sub sectors as identified by the NIS Directive. - - euci: - EU classified information (EUCI) means any information or material - designated by a EU security classification, the unauthorised - disclosure of which could cause varying degrees of prejudice to - the interests of the European Union or of one or more of the - Member States as described in COUNCIL DECISION of 23 September - 2013 on the security rules for protecting EU classified - information - - europol-event: - EUROPOL type of events taxonomy. - - europol-incident: - EUROPOL class of incident taxonomy. - - event-assessment: - A series of assessment predicates describing the event assessment - performed to make judgement(s) under a certain level of - uncertainty. - - event-classification: - Event Classification. - - exercise: - Exercise is a taxonomy to describe if the information is part of - one or more cyber or crisis exercise. - - false-positive: - This taxonomy aims to ballpark the expected amount of false - positives. - - file-type: - List of known file types. - - flesch-reading-ease: - Flesch Reading Ease is a revised system for determining the - comprehension difficulty of written material. The scoring of the - flesh score can have a maximum of 121.22 and there is no limit on - how low a score can be (negative score are valid). - - fpf: + ecsirt: Incident Classification by the ecsirt.net version mkVI of 31 + March 2015 enriched with IntelMQ taxonomy-type mapping. + enisa: The present threat taxonomy is an initial version that has + been developed on the basis of available ENISA material. This + material has been used as an ENISA-internal structuring aid for + information collection and threat consolidation purposes. It + emerged in the time period 2012-2015. + estimative-language: Estimative language to describe quality and + credibility of underlying sources, data, and methodologies based + Intelligence Community Directive 203 (ICD 203) and JP 2-0, Joint + Intelligence + eu-marketop-and-publicadmin: Market operators and public + administrations that must comply to some notifications + requirements under EU NIS directive + eu-nis-sector-and-subsectors: Sectors, subsectors, and digital + services as identified by the NIS Directive + euci: EU classified information (EUCI) means any information or + material designated by a EU security classification, the + unauthorised disclosure of which could cause varying degrees of + prejudice to the interests of the European Union or of one or more + of the Member States. + europol-event: This taxonomy was designed to describe the type of + events + europol-incident: This taxonomy was designed to describe the type of + incidents by class. + event-assessment: A series of assessment predicates describing the + event assessment performed to make judgement(s) under a certain + level of uncertainty. + event-classification: Classification of events as seen in tools such + as RT/IR, MISP and other + exercise: Exercise is a taxonomy to describe if the information is + part of one or more cyber or crisis exercise. + extended-event: Reasons why an event has been extended. This + taxonomy must be used on the extended event. The competitive + analysis aspect is from Psychology of Intelligence Analysis by + Richard J. Heuer, Jr. ref:http://www.foo.be/docs/intelligence/ + PsychofIntelNew.pdf (http://www.foo.be/docs/intelligence/ + PsychofIntelNew.pdf) + failure-mode-in-machine-learning: The purpose of this taxonomy is to + jointly tabulate both the of these failure modes in a single + place. Intentional failures wherein the failure is caused by an + active adversary attempting to subvert the system to attain her + goals - either to misclassify the result, infer private training + data, or to steal the underlying algorithm. Unintentional + failures wherein the failure is because an ML system produces a + formally correct but completely unsafe outcome. + false-positive: This taxonomy aims to ballpark the expected amount + of false positives. - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 15] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 15] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) visual guide to practical de- - identification [1] taxonomy is used to evaluate the degree of - identifiability of personal data and the types of pseudonymous - data, de-identified data and anonymous data. The work of FPF is - licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 international - license. - - fr-classif: - French gov information classification system. - - gdpr: - Taxonomy related to the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN - PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the protection of natural persons - with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free - movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General - Data Protection Regulation) - - gsma-attack-category: - Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with - telco describing the attack categories - - gsma-fraud: - Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with - telco describing the various aspects of fraud - - gsma-network-technology: - Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with - telco describing the types of infrastructure. WiP - - honeypot-basic: + file-type: List of known file types. + financial: Financial taxonomy to describe financial services, + infrastructure and financial scope. + flesch-reading-ease: Flesch Reading Ease is a revised system for + determining the comprehension difficulty of written material. The + scoring of the flesh score can have a maximum of 121.22 and there + is no limit on how low a score can be (negative score are valid). + fpf: The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) visual guide to practical de- + identification (https://fpf.org/2016/04/25/a-visual-guide-to- + practical-data-de-identification/) taxonomy is used to evaluate + the degree of identifiability of personal data and the types of + pseudonymous data, de-identified data and anonymous data. The + work of FPF is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 + international license. + fr-classif: French gov information classification system + gdpr: Taxonomy related to the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE + EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the protection of + natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and + on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/ + EC (General Data Protection Regulation) + gea-nz-activities: Information needed to track or monitor moments, + periods or events that occur over time. This type of information + is focused on occurrences that must be tracked for business + reasons or represent a specific point in the evolution of 'The + Business'. + gea-nz-entities: Information relating to instances of entities or + things. + gea-nz-motivators: Information relating to authority or governance. + gsma-attack-category: Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information + sharing program with telco describing the attack categories + gsma-fraud: Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing + program with telco describing the various aspects of fraud + gsma-network-technology: Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information + sharing program with telco describing the types of infrastructure. + WiP + honeypot-basic: Updated (CIRCL, Seamus Dowling and EURECOM) from Christian Seifert, Ian Welch, Peter Komisarczuk, 'Taxonomy of Honeypots', Technical Report CS-TR-06/12, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON, School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, June - 2006, - - iep: - Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information - Exchange Policy (IEP) framework. - - ifx-vetting: - The IFX taxonomy is used to categorise information (MISP events - and attributes) to aid in the intelligence vetting process - - incident-disposition: - How an incident is classified in its process to be resolved. The - taxonomy is inspired from NASA Incident Response and Management - Handbook. + 2006, http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/comp/Publications/archive/CS-TR-06/ + CS-TR-06-12.pdf + (http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/comp/Publications/archive/CS-TR-06/CS- + TR-06-12.pdf) + ics: FIRST.ORG CTI SIG - MISP Proposal for ICS/OT Threat Attribution + (IOC) Project + iep: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) + Information Exchange Policy (IEP) framework + iep2-policy: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 16] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 16] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - infoleak: - A taxonomy describing information leaks and especially information - classified as being potentially leaked. - - information-security-data-source: - Taxonomy to classify the information security data sources - - information-security-indicators: - Information security indicators have been standardized by the ETSI - Industrial Specification Group (ISG) ISI. These indicators - provide the basis to switch from a qualitative to a quantitative - culture in IT Security Scope of measurements: External and - internal threats (attempt and success), user's deviant behaviours, - nonconformities and/or vulnerabilities (software, configuration, - behavioural, general security framework). ETSI GS ISI 001-1 - (V1.1.2): ISI Indicators - - interception-method: - The interception method used to intercept traffic. - - kill-chain: - Cyber Kill Chain from Lockheed Martin as described in - Intelligence-Driven Computer Network Defense Informed by Analysis - of Adversary Campaigns and Intrusion Kill Chains. - - maec-delivery-vectors: - Vectors used to deliver malware based on MAEC 5.0 - - maec-malware-behavior: - Malware behaviours based on MAEC 5.0 - - maec-malware-capabilities: - Malware Capabilities based on MAEC 5.0 - - maec-malware-obfuscation-methods: - Obfuscation methods used by malware based on MAEC 5.0 - - malware_classification: - Malware classification based on a SANS whitepaper about malware. - - misp: - Internal MISP taxonomy. - - monarc-threat: - MONARC threat taxonomy. - - ms-caro-malware: + Information Exchange Policy (IEP) v2.0 Policy + iep2-reference: Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams + (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) v2.0 Reference + ifx-vetting: The IFX taxonomy is used to categorise information + (MISP events and attributes) to aid in the intelligence vetting + process + incident-disposition: How an incident is classified in its process + to be resolved. The taxonomy is inspired from NASA Incident + Response and Management Handbook. https://www.nasa.gov/ + pdf/589502main_ITS-HBK-2810.09-02%20%5bNASA%20Information%20Securi + ty%20Incident%20Management%5d.pdf#page=9 (https://www.nasa.gov/ + pdf/589502main_ITS-HBK-2810.09-02%20%5bNASA%20Information%20Securi + ty%20Incident%20Management%5d.pdf#page=9) + infoleak: A taxonomy describing information leaks and especially + information classified as being potentially leaked. The taxonomy + is based on the work by CIRCL on the AIL framework. The taxonomy + aim is to be used at large to improve classification of leaked + information. + information-origin: Taxonomy for tagging information by its origin: + human-generated or AI-generated. + information-security-data-source: Taxonomy to classify the + information security data sources. + information-security-indicators: A full set of operational + indicators for organizations to use to benchmark their security + posture. + interactive-cyber-training-audience: Describes the target of cyber + training and education. + interactive-cyber-training-technical-setup: The technical setup + consists of environment structure, deployment, and orchestration. + interactive-cyber-training-training-environment: The training + environment details the environment around the training, + consisting of training type and scenario. + interactive-cyber-training-training-setup: The training setup + further describes the training itself with the scoring, roles, the + training mode as well as the customization level. + interception-method: The interception method used to intercept + traffic. + ioc: An IOC classification to facilitate automation of malicious and + non malicious artifacts + iot: Internet of Things taxonomy, based on IOT UK report + https://iotuk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/IOT-Taxonomy- + Report.pdf (https://iotuk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/IOT- + Taxonomy-Report.pdf) + kill-chain: The Cyber Kill Chain, a phase-based model developed by + Lockheed Martin, aims to help categorise and identify the stage of + an attack. + maec-delivery-vectors: Vectors used to deliver malware based on MAEC + 5.0 - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 17] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 17] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's - implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization - (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. - - ms-caro-malware-full: - Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's - implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization - (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. - - nato: - Marking of Classified and Unclassified materials as described by - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO. - - nis: - NIS Cybersecurity Incident Taxonomy. - - open_threat: - Open Threat Taxonomy v1.1 base on James Tarala of SANS ref. - - - - osint: - Open Source Intelligence - Classification (MISP taxonomies). - - passivetotal: - Tags for RiskIQ's passivetotal service - - pentest: - Penetration test (pentest) classification. - - priority-level: - After an incident is scored, it is assigned a priority level. The - six levels listed below are aligned with NCCIC, DHS, and the CISS - to help provide a common lexicon when discussing incidents. This - priority assignment drives NCCIC urgency, pre-approved incident - response offerings, reporting requirements, and recommendations - for leadership escalation. Generally, incident priority - distribution should follow a similar pattern to the graph below. - Based on . - - rsit: - Reference Security Incident Classification Taxonomy. - - rt_event_status: - Status of events used in Request Tracker. - - runtime-packer: + maec-malware-behavior: Malware behaviours based on MAEC 5.0 + maec-malware-capabilities: Malware Capabilities based on MAEC 5.0 + maec-malware-obfuscation-methods: Obfuscation methods used by + malware based on MAEC 5.0 + malware_classification: Classification based on different + categories. Based on https://www.sans.org/reading- + room/whitepapers/incident/malware-101-viruses-32848 + (https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/incident/malware- + 101-viruses-32848) + misinformation-website-label: classification for the identification + of type of misinformation among websites. Source:False, + Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical News Sources by Melissa + Zimdars 2019 + misp: MISP taxonomy to infer with MISP behavior or operation. + misp-workflow: MISP workflow taxonomy to support result of workflow + execution. + monarc-threat: MONARC Threats Taxonomy + ms-caro-malware: Malware Type and Platform classification based on + Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research + Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. Based + on https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + malwarenaming.aspx (https://www.microsoft.com/en- + us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/malwarenaming.aspx), + https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + glossary.aspx + (https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + glossary.aspx), + https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + objectivecriteria.aspx + (https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + objectivecriteria.aspx), and http://www.caro.org/definitions/ + index.html (http://www.caro.org/definitions/index.html). Malware + families are extracted from Microsoft SIRs since 2008 based on + https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx + (https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx) and + https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/threat/ + threats.aspx (https://www.microsoft.com/en- + us/security/portal/threat/threats.aspx). Note that SIRs do NOT + include all Microsoft malware families. + ms-caro-malware-full: Malware Type and Platform classification based + on Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research + Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. Based + on https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + malwarenaming.aspx (https://www.microsoft.com/en- + us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/malwarenaming.aspx), + https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + glossary.aspx + (https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 18] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 18] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - Runtime or software packer used to combine compressed data with - the decompression code. The decompression code can add additional - obfuscations mechanisms including polymorphic-packer or other - obfuscation techniques. This taxonomy lists all the known or - official packer used for legitimate use or for packing malicious - binaries. + glossary.aspx), + https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + objectivecriteria.aspx + (https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/ + objectivecriteria.aspx), and http://www.caro.org/definitions/ + index.html (http://www.caro.org/definitions/index.html). Malware + families are extracted from Microsoft SIRs since 2008 based on + https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx + (https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx) and + https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/threat/ + threats.aspx (https://www.microsoft.com/en- + us/security/portal/threat/threats.aspx). Note that SIRs do NOT + include all Microsoft malware families. + mwdb: Malware Database (mwdb) Taxonomy - Tags used across the + platform + nato: NATO classification markings. + nis: The taxonomy is meant for large scale cybersecurity incidents, + as mentioned in the Commission Recommendation of 13 September + 2017, also known as the blueprint. It has two core parts: The + nature of the incident, i.e. the underlying cause, that triggered + the incident, and the impact of the incident, i.e. the impact on + services, in which sector(s) of economy and society. + nis2: The taxonomy is meant for large scale cybersecurity incidents, + as mentioned in the Commission Recommendation of 13 May 2022, also + known as the provisional agreement. It has two core parts: The + nature of the incident, i.e. the underlying cause, that triggered + the incident, and the impact of the incident, i.e. the impact on + services, in which sector(s) of economy and society. + open_threat: Open Threat Taxonomy v1.1 base on James Tarala of SANS + http://www.auditscripts.com/resources/ + open_threat_taxonomy_v1.1a.pdf + (http://www.auditscripts.com/resources/ + open_threat_taxonomy_v1.1a.pdf), https://files.sans.org/summit/ + Threat_Hunting_Incident_Response_Summit_2016/PDFs/Using-Open- + Tools-to-Convert-Threat-Intelligence-into-Practical-Defenses- + James-Tarala-SANS-Institute.pdf (https://files.sans.org/summit/ + Threat_Hunting_Incident_Response_Summit_2016/PDFs/Using-Open- + Tools-to-Convert-Threat-Intelligence-into-Practical-Defenses- + James-Tarala-SANS-Institute.pdf), https://www.youtube.com/ + watch?v=5rdGOOFC_yE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rdGOOFC_yE), + and + https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/ + str-r04_using-an-open-source-threat-model-for-prioritized-defense- + final.pdf + (https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/ + str-r04_using-an-open-source-threat-model-for-prioritized-defense- + final.pdf) + osint: Open Source Intelligence - Classification (MISP taxonomies) - smart-airports-threats: - Threat taxonomy in the scope of securing smart airports by ENISA. - stealth_malware: - Classification based on malware stealth techniques. - stix-ttp: - Representation of the behavior or modus operandi of cyber - adversaries (a.k.a TTP) as normalized in STIX +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 19] + +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - targeted-threat-index: - The Targeted Threat Index is a metric for assigning an overall - threat ranking score to email messages that deliver malware to a - victim's computer. The TTI metric was first introduced at SecTor - 2013 by Seth Hardy as part of the talk "RATastrophe: Monitoring a - Malware Menagerie" along with Katie Kleemola and Greg Wiseman. - tlp: - The Traffic Light Protocol - or short: TLP - was designed with the - objective to create a favorable classification scheme for sharing - sensitive information while keeping the control over its - distribution at the same time. Extended with TLP:EX:CHR. + pandemic: Pandemic + passivetotal: Tags from RiskIQ's PassiveTotal service + pentest: Penetration test (pentest) classification. + phishing: Taxonomy to classify phishing attacks including + techniques, collection mechanisms and analysis status. + poison-taxonomy: Non-exhaustive taxonomy of natural poison + political-spectrum: A political spectrum is a system to characterize + and classify different political positions in relation to one + another. + priority-level: After an incident is scored, it is assigned a + priority level. The six levels listed below are aligned with + NCCIC, DHS, and the CISS to help provide a common lexicon when + discussing incidents. This priority assignment drives NCCIC + urgency, pre-approved incident response offerings, reporting + requirements, and recommendations for leadership escalation. + Generally, incident priority distribution should follow a similar + pattern to the graph below. Based on https://www.us-cert.gov/ + NCCIC-Cyber-Incident-Scoring-System (https://www.us-cert.gov/ + NCCIC-Cyber-Incident-Scoring-System). + pyoti: PyOTI automated enrichment schemes for point in time + classification of indicators. + ransomware: Ransomware is used to define ransomware types and the + elements that compose them. + ransomware-roles: The seven roles seen in most ransomware incidents. + retention: Add a retenion time to events to automatically remove the + IDS-flag on ip-dst or ip-src attributes. We calculate the time + elapsed based on the date of the event. Supported time units are: + d(ays), w(eeks), m(onths), y(ears). The numerical_value is just + for sorting in the web-interface and is not used for calculations. + rsit: Reference Security Incident Classification Taxonomy + rt_event_status: Status of events used in Request Tracker. + runtime-packer: Runtime or software packer used to combine + compressed or encrypted data with the decompression or decryption + code. This code can add additional obfuscations mechanisms + including polymorphic-packer or other obfuscation techniques. + This taxonomy lists all the known or official packer used for + legitimate use or for packing malicious binaries. + scrippsco2-fgc: Flags describing the sample + scrippsco2-fgi: Flags describing the sample for isotopic data (C14, + O18) + scrippsco2-sampling-stations: Sampling stations of the Scripps CO2 + Program + sentinel-threattype: Sentinel indicator threat types. + smart-airports-threats: Threat taxonomy in the scope of securing + smart airports by ENISA. https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/ + securing-smart-airports (https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/ + securing-smart-airports) + social-engineering-attack-vectors: Attack vectors used in social + + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 20] + +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 + + + engineering as described in 'A Taxonomy of Social Engineering + Defense Mechanisms' by Dalal Alharthi and others. + srbcert: SRB-CERT Taxonomy - Schemes of Classification in Incident + Response and Detection + state-responsibility: A spectrum of state responsibility to more + directly tie the goals of attribution to the needs of + policymakers. + stealth_malware: Classification based on malware stealth techniques. + Described in https://vxheaven.org/lib/pdf/ + Introducing%20Stealth%20Malware%20Taxonomy.pdf + (https://vxheaven.org/lib/pdf/ + Introducing%20Stealth%20Malware%20Taxonomy.pdf) + stix-ttp: TTPs are representations of the behavior or modus operandi + of cyber adversaries. + targeted-threat-index: The Targeted Threat Index is a metric for + assigning an overall threat ranking score to email messages that + deliver malware to a victim's computer. The TTI metric was first + introduced at SecTor 2013 by Seth Hardy as part of the talk + "RATastrophe: Monitoring a Malware Menagerie" along with Katie + Kleemola and Greg Wiseman. + thales_group: Thales Group Taxonomy - was designed with the aim of + enabling desired sharing and preventing unwanted sharing between + Thales Group security communities. + threatmatch: The ThreatMatch Sectors, Incident types, Malware types + and Alert types are applicable for any ThreatMatch instances and + should be used for all CIISI and TIBER Projects. + threats-to-dns: An overview of some of the known attacks related to + DNS as described by Torabi, S., Boukhtouta, A., Assi, C., & + Debbabi, M. (2018) in Detecting Internet Abuse by Analyzing + Passive DNS Traffic: A Survey of Implemented Systems. IEEE + Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 1-1. doi:10.1109/ + comst.2018.2849614 + tlp: The Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) (v2.0) was created to + facilitate greater sharing of potentially sensitive information + and more effective collaboration. Information sharing happens + from an information source, towards one or more recipients. TLP + is a set of four standard labels (a fifth label is included in + amber to limit the diffusion) used to indicate the sharing + boundaries to be applied by the recipients. Only labels listed in + this standard are considered valid by FIRST. This taxonomy + includes additional labels for backward compatibility which are no + more validated by FIRST SIG. + tor: Taxonomy to describe Tor network infrastructure + trust: The Indicator of Trust provides insight about data on what + can be trusted and known as a good actor. Similar to a whitelist + but on steroids, reusing features one would use with Indicators of + Compromise, but to filter out what is known to be good. + type: Taxonomy to describe different types of intelligence gathering + + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 21] + +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - tor: - Taxonomy to describe Tor network infrastructure - type: - Taxonomy to describe different types of intelligence gathering discipline which can be described the origin of intelligence. - - use-case-applicability: - The Use Case Applicability categories reflect standard resolution - categories, to clearly display alerting rule configuration - problems. - - veris: - Vocabulary for Event Recording and Incident Sharing (VERIS). - - vocabulaire-des-probabilites-estimatives: - Vocabulaire des probabilites estimatives - - - - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 19] - -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 - - - workflow: - Workflow support language is a common language to support + unified-kill-chain: The Unified Kill Chain is a refinement to the + Kill Chain. + use-case-applicability: The Use Case Applicability categories + reflect standard resolution categories, to clearly display + alerting rule configuration problems. + veris: Vocabulary for Event Recording and Incident Sharing (VERIS) + vmray: VMRay taxonomies to map VMRay Thread Identifier scores and + artifacts. + vocabulaire-des-probabilites-estimatives: Ce vocabulaire attribue + des valeurs en pourcentage à certains énoncés de + probabilité + workflow: Workflow support language is a common language to support intelligence analysts to perform their analysis on data and information. @@ -1078,175 +1201,173 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 used validating a MISP taxonomy. The validation is a _MUST_ if the taxonomy is included in the MISP taxonomies directory. - { - "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/schema#", - "title": "Validator for misp-taxonomies", - "id": "https://www.github.com/MISP/misp-taxonomies/schema.json", - "defs": { - "entry": { - "type": "array", - "uniqueItems": true, - "items": { - "type": "object", - "additionalProperties": false, - "properties": { - "numerical_value": { - "type": "number" - }, - "expanded": { - "type": "string" - }, - "description": { - "type": "string" - }, - "colour": { - "type": "string" - }, - "value": { - "type": "string" - }, - "required": [ - "value" - ] - } - } - }, - "values": { - "type": "array", - "uniqueItems": true, + { + "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/schema#", + "title": "Validator for misp-taxonomies", + "id": "https://www.github.com/MISP/misp-taxonomies/schema.json", + "defs": { + "entry": { + "type": "array", + "uniqueItems": true, + "items": { + "type": "object", + "additionalProperties": false, + "properties": { + "numerical_value": { + "type": "number" + }, + "expanded": { + "type": "string" + }, + "description": { + "type": "string" + }, + "colour": { + "type": "string" + }, + "value": { -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 20] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 22] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - "items": { - "type": "object", - "additionalProperties": false, - "properties": { - "entry": { - "$ref": "#/defs/entry" - }, - "predicate": { - "type": "string" - } - }, - "required": [ - "predicate" - ] - } - }, - "predicates": { - "type": "array", - "uniqueItems": true, - "items": { - "type": "object", - "additionalProperties": false, - "properties": { - "numerical_value": { - "type": "number" - }, - "colour": { - "type": "string" - }, - "description": { - "type": "string" - }, - "expanded": { - "type": "string" - }, - "value": { - "type": "string" - }, - "exclusive": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "required": [ - "value" - ] - } - } - } - }, + "type": "string" + }, + "required": [ + "value" + ] + } + } + }, + "values": { + "type": "array", + "uniqueItems": true, + "items": { + "type": "object", + "additionalProperties": false, + "properties": { + "entry": { + "$ref": "#/defs/entry" + }, + "predicate": { + "type": "string" + } + }, + "required": [ + "predicate" + ] + } + }, + "predicates": { + "type": "array", + "uniqueItems": true, + "items": { + "type": "object", + "additionalProperties": false, + "properties": { + "numerical_value": { + "type": "number" + }, + "colour": { + "type": "string" + }, + "description": { + "type": "string" + }, + "expanded": { + "type": "string" + }, + "value": { + "type": "string" -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 21] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 23] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - "type": "object", - "additionalProperties": false, - "properties": { - "version": { - "type": "integer" - }, - "description": { - "type": "string" - }, - "expanded": { - "type": "string" - }, - "namespace": { - "type": "string" - }, - "exclusive": { - "type": "boolean" - }, - "type": { - "type": "array", - "uniqueItems": true, - "items": { - "type": "string", - "enum": [ - "org", - "user", - "attribute", - "event" - ] - } - }, - "refs": { - "type": "array", - "uniqueItems": true, - "items": { - "type": "string" - } - }, - "predicates": { - "$ref": "#/defs/predicates" - }, - "values": { - "$ref": "#/defs/values" - } - }, - "required": [ - "namespace", - "description", + }, + "exclusive": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "required": [ + "value" + ] + } + } + } + }, + "type": "object", + "additionalProperties": false, + "properties": { + "version": { + "type": "integer" + }, + "description": { + "type": "string" + }, + "expanded": { + "type": "string" + }, + "namespace": { + "type": "string" + }, + "exclusive": { + "type": "boolean" + }, + "type": { + "type": "array", + "uniqueItems": true, + "items": { + "type": "string", + "enum": [ + "org", + "user", + "attribute", + "event" + ] + } + }, + "refs": { + "type": "array", + "uniqueItems": true, + "items": { + "type": "string" + } -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 22] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 24] -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 - "version", - "predicates" - ] - } + }, + "predicates": { + "$ref": "#/defs/predicates" + }, + "values": { + "$ref": "#/defs/values" + } + }, + "required": [ + "namespace", + "description", + "version", + "predicates" + ] + } 6. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank all the MISP community who are supporting the creation of open standards in threat intelligence sharing. -7. References - -7.1. Normative References +7. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, @@ -1258,44 +1379,40 @@ Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017, . -7.2. Informative References +8. Informative References [JSON-SCHEMA] - "JSON Schema: A Media Type for Describing JSON Documents", - 2016, + Wright, A., "JSON Schema: A Media Type for Describing JSON + Documents", 2016, . + [MISP-P] Community, M., "MISP Project - Malware Information Sharing + Platform and Threat Sharing", . + + [MISP-T] Community, M., "MISP Taxonomies - shared and common + vocabularies of tags", + . + + + + + +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 25] + +Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format December 2023 + + [machine-tags] - "Machine tags", 2007, + Cope, A. S., "Machine tags", 2007, . - [MISP-P] MISP, "MISP Project - Malware Information Sharing Platform - and Threat Sharing", . - - [MISP-T] MISP, "MISP Taxonomies - shared and common vocabularies of - tags", . - -7.3. URIs - - [1] https://fpf.org/2016/04/25/a-visual-guide-to-practical-data-de- - identification/ - - - - - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 23] - -Internet-Draft MISP taxonomy format November 2017 - - Authors' Addresses Alexandre Dulaunoy Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg - 16, bd d'Avranches - Luxembourg L-1611 + 122, rue Adolphe Fischer + L-L-1521 Luxembourg Luxembourg Phone: +352 247 88444 @@ -1304,8 +1421,8 @@ Authors' Addresses Andras Iklody Computer Incident Response Center Luxembourg - 16, bd d'Avranches - Luxembourg L-1611 + 122, rue Adolphe Fischer + L-L-1521 Luxembourg Luxembourg Phone: +352 247 88444 @@ -1336,9 +1453,4 @@ Authors' Addresses - - - - - -Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires June 2, 2018 [Page 24] +Dulaunoy & Iklody Expires 26 June 2024 [Page 26]