---
title: "Layouts"
permalink: /docs/layouts/
excerpt: "Descriptions and samples of all layouts included with the theme and how to best use them."
single_layout_gallery:
- image_path: /assets/images/mm-layout-single-header.png
alt: "single layout with header example"
- image_path: /assets/images/mm-layout-single-meta.png
alt: "single layout with comments and related posts"
last_modified_at: 2019-01-08T08:31:40-05:00
toc: true
toc_label: "Included Layouts"
toc_icon: "columns"
---
The bread and butter of any theme. Below you'll find the layouts included with Minimal Mistakes, what they look like and the type of content they've been built for.
## Default layout
The base layout all other layouts inherit from. There's not much to this layout apart from pulling in several `_includes`:
* `` elements
* masthead navigation links
* {% raw %}`{{ content }}`{% endraw %}
* page footer
* scripts
**Note:** You won't ever assign this layout directly to a post or page. Instead all other layouts will build off of it by setting `layout: default` in their YAML Front Matter.
{: .notice--warning}
### Layout based and user-defined classes
Class names corresponding to each layout are automatically added to the `` element eg. ``.
| layout | class name |
| ---------------- | --------------------------- |
| archive | `.layout--archive` |
| archive-taxonomy | `.layout--archive-taxonomy` |
| search | `.layout--search` |
| single | `.layout--single` |
| splash | `.layout--splash` |
| home | `.layout--home` |
| posts | `.layout--posts` |
| categories | `.layout--categories` |
| category | `.layout--category` |
| tags | `.layout--tags` |
| tag | `.layout--tag` |
Using YAML Front Matter you can also assign custom classes to target with CSS or JavaScript. Perfect for "art directed" posts or adding custom styles to specific pages.
Example:
```yaml
---
layout: splash
classes:
- landing
- dark-theme
---
```
Outputs:
```html
```
### Canonical URL
You can set custom Canonical URL for a page by specifying `canonical_url` option in pages YAML Front Matter. For example, if you have the following:
```yaml
layout: single
title: Title of Your Post
canonical_url: "https://yoursite.com/custom-canonical-url"
```
This will generate the following in the `` of your page:
```html
```
## Compress layout
A Jekyll layout that compresses HTML in pure Liquid. To enable add `layout: compress` to `_layouts/default.html`.
**Note:** Has been known to mangle markup and break JavaScript... especially if inline `// comments` are present. For this reason it has been disabled by default.
{: .notice--danger}
* [Documentation](http://jch.penibelst.de/)
## Single layout
The layout you'll likely use the most --- sidebar and main content combo.
**Includes:**
* Optional header image with caption
* Optional header overlay (solid color/image) + text and optional "call to action" button
* Optional social sharing links module
* Optional comments module
* Optional related posts module
* Wide page variant
{% include gallery id="single_layout_gallery" caption="Image header and meta info examples for `single` layout" %}
Assign with `layout: single` , or better yet apply as a [Front Matter default]({{ "/docs/configuration/#front-matter-defaults" | relative_url }}) in `_config.yml`.
### Wide page
To expand the main content to the right, filling the space of what is normally occupied by the table of contents. Add the following to a post or page's YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
classes: wide
```
**Note:** If the page contains a table of contents, it will no longer appear to the right. Instead it will be forced into the main content container directly following the page's title.
{: .notice--info}
### Table of contents
Auto-generated table of contents list for your posts and pages can be enabled by adding `toc: true` to the YAML Front Matter.
![table of contents example]({{ "/assets/images/mm-toc-helper-example.jpg" | relative_url }})
| Parameter | Required | Description | Default |
| --------- | -------- | ----------- | ------- |
| **toc** | Optional | Show table of contents. (boolean) | `false` |
| **toc_label** | Optional | Table of contents title. (string) | `toc_label` in UI Text data file. |
| **toc_icon** | Optional | Table of contents icon, displays before the title. (string) | [Font Awesome](https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&s=solid&m=free) **file-alt** icon. Other FA icons can be used instead. |
**TOC example with custom title and icon**
```yaml
---
toc: true
toc_label: "My Table of Contents"
toc_icon: "cog"
---
```
## Archive layout
Essentially the same as `single` with markup adjustments and some modules removed.
**Includes:**
* Optional header image with caption
* Optional header overlay (solid color/image) + text and optional "call to action" button
* List and grid views
List view example.
Below are sample archive pages you can easily drop into your project, taking care to rename `permalink`, `title`, or the filename to fit your site. Each is 100% compatible with GitHub Pages.
* [All Posts Grouped by Category -- List View][posts-categories]
* [All Posts Grouped by Tag -- List View][posts-tags]
* [All Posts Grouped by Year -- List View][posts-year]
* [All Posts Grouped by Collection -- List View][posts-collection]
* [Portfolio Collection -- Grid View][portfolio-collection]
[posts-categories]: https://github.com/{{ site.repository }}/blob/master/docs/_pages/category-archive.md
[posts-tags]: https://github.com/{{ site.repository }}/blob/master/docs/_pages/tag-archive.md
[posts-year]: https://github.com/{{ site.repository }}/blob/master/docs/_pages/year-archive.md
[posts-collection]: https://github.com/{{ site.repository }}/blob/master/docs/_pages/collection-archive.html
[portfolio-collection]: https://github.com/{{ site.repository }}/blob/master/docs/_pages/portfolio-archive.md
Post and page excerpts are auto-generated by Jekyll which grabs the first paragraph of text. To override this text with something more specific use the following YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
excerpt: "A unique line of text to describe this post that will display in an archive listing and meta description with SEO benefits."
```
### Wide page
To expand the main content to the right, filling the space of what is normally occupied by the table of contents. Add the following to a post or page's YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
classes: wide
```
### Grid view
Adding `type=grid` to the `archive-single` helper will display archive posts in a 4 column grid. For example to create an archive displaying all documents in the portfolio collection:
Create a portfolio archive page (eg. `_pages/portfolio-archive.md`) with the following YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
---
title: Portfolio
layout: collection
permalink: /portfolio/
collection: portfolio
entries_layout: grid
---
```
Teaser images are assigned similar to header images using the following YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
header:
teaser: path-to-teaser-image.jpg
```
**Note:** More information on using this `_include` can be found under [**Helpers**]({{ "/docs/helpers/" | relative_url }}).
{: .notice--info}
## Taxonomy archives
If you have the luxury of using Jekyll plugins, the creation of category and tag archives is greatly simplified. Simply enable support for the [`jekyll-archives`](https://github.com/jekyll/jekyll-archives) plugin with a few `_config.yml` settings as noted in the [**Configuration**]({{ "/docs/configuration/#archive-settings" | relative_url }}) section and you're good to go.
![archive taxonomy layout example]({{ "/assets/images/mm-layout-archive-taxonomy.png" | relative_url }})
If you're not using the `jekyll-archives` plugin then you need to create archive pages yourself. Sample taxonomy archives can be found by grabbing the Markdown sources below and adding to your site.
| Name | Layout | Example |
| -------------------- | ------ | ------ |
| [Posts Archive](https://mmistakes.github.io/minimal-mistakes/year-archive/) | `layout: posts` | [year-archive.md](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/docs/_pages/year-archive.md) |
| [Categories Archive](https://mmistakes.github.io/minimal-mistakes/categories/) | `layout: categories` | [category-archive.md](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/docs/_pages/category-archive.md) |
| [Category Archive](https://mmistakes.github.io/minimal-mistakes/categories/edge-case/) | `layout: category` | [edge-case.md](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/docs/_pages/edge-case.md) |
| [Tags Archive](https://mmistakes.github.io/minimal-mistakes/tags/) | `layout: tags` | [tag-archive.md](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/docs/_pages/tag-archive.md) |
| [Tag Archive](https://mmistakes.github.io/minimal-mistakes/tags/markup/) | `layout: tag` | [markup.md](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/docs/_pages/markup.md) |
| [Collection Archive](https://mmistakes.github.io/minimal-mistakes/recipes-archive/) | `layout: collection` | [recipes-archive.md](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/docs/_pages/recipes-archive.md) |
**Note:** By default, documents are shown in a list view. To change to a grid view add `entries_layout: grid` to the page's front matter.
{: .notice--info}
### `layout: posts`
This layout displays all posts grouped by the year they were published. It accommodates the same front matter as `layout: archive`.
### `layout: categories`
This layout displays all posts grouped category. It accommodates the same front matter as `layout: archive`.
### `layout: tags`
This layout displays all posts grouped by tag. It accommodates the same front matter as `layout: archive`.
### `layout: collection`
This layout displays all documents grouped by a specific collection. It accommodates the same front matter as `layout: archive` with the addition of the following:
```yaml
collection: # collection name
entries_layout: # list (default), grid
show_excerpts: # true (default), false
sort_by: # date (default) title
sort_order: # forward (default), reverse
```
To create a page showing all documents in the `recipes` collection you'd create `recipes.md` in the root of your project and add this front matter:
```yaml
title: Recipes
layout: collection
permalink: /recipes/
collection: recipes
```
If you want to sort the collection by title add `sort_by: title`. If you want reverse sorting, add `sort_order: reverse`.
### `layout: category`
This layout displays all posts grouped by a specific category. It accommodates the same front matter as `layout: archive` with the addition of the following:
```yaml
taxonomy: # category name
entries_layout: # list (default), grid
```
To create a page showing all posts assigned to the category `foo` you'd create `foo.md` and add this front matter:
```yaml
title: Foo
layout: category
permalink: /categories/foo/
taxonomy: foo
```
### `layout: tag`
This layout displays all posts grouped by a specific tag. It accommodates the same front matter as `layout: archive` with the addition of the following:
```yaml
taxonomy: # tag name
entries_layout: # list (default), grid
```
To create a page showing all posts assigned to the tag `foo bar` you'd create `foo-bar.md` and add this front matter:
```yaml
title: Foo Bar
layout: tag
permalink: /tags/foo-bar/
taxonomy: foo bar
```
## Home page layout
A derivative archive page layout to be used as a simple home page. It is built to show a paginated list of recent posts based off of the [pagination settings]({{ "/docs/configuration/#paginate" | relative_url }}) in `_config.yml`.
Example of a paginated home page showing 5 recent posts.
To use create `index.html` at the root of your project and add the following YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
---
layout: home
---
```
Then configure pagination in `_config.yml`.
```yaml
paginate: 5 # amount of posts to show
paginate_path: /page:num/
```
If you'd rather have a paginated page of posts reside in a subfolder instead of acting as your homepage make the following adjustments.
Create `index.html` in the location you'd like. For example if I wanted it to live at **/blog** I'd create `/blog/index.html` with `layout: home` in its YAML Front Matter.
Then adjust the `paginate_path` in **_config.yml** to match.
```yaml
paginate_path: /blog/page:num
```
**Note:** Jekyll can only paginate a single `index.html` file. If you'd like to paginate more pages (e.g. category indexes) you'll need the help of a custom plugin. For more pagination related settings check the [**Configuration**]({{ "/docs/configuration/#paginate" | relative_url }}) section.
{: .notice--info}
## Splash page layout
For full-width landing pages that need a little something extra add `layout: splash` to the YAML Front Matter.
**Includes:**
* Optional header image with caption
* Optional header overlay (solid color/image) + text and optional "call to action" button
* Feature blocks (`left`, `center`, and `right` alignment options)
![splash page layout example]({{ "/assets/images/mm-layout-splash.png" | relative_url }})
Feature blocks can be assigned and aligned to the `left`, `right`, or `center` with a sprinkling of YAML. For full details on how to use the `feature_row` helper check the [**Content**]({{ "/docs/helpers/" | relative_url }}) section or review a [sample splash page](https://github.com/{{ site.repository }}/blob/master/docs/_pages/splash-page.md).
## Search page layout
A page with a search form. Add `layout: search` to the YAML Front Matter similar to [this example](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/test/_pages/search.md) on the test site.
![search page layout example]({{ "/assets/images/search-layout-example.png" | relative_url }})
**Note:** A page using the `layout: search` isn't compatible with the new [site search feature]({{ "/docs/configuration/#site-search" | relative_url }}) incorporated in the masthead.
{: .notice--warning}
### Exclusions
If you would like to exclude specific pages/posts from the search index set the search flag to `false` in the YAML Front Matter for the page/post.
```yaml
search: false
```
**ProTip:** Add a link to this page in the masthead navigation.
{: .notice--info}
---
## Headers
To add some visual punch to a post or page, a large full-width header image can be included.
Be sure to resize your header images. `~1280px` is a good width if you aren't [responsively serving up images](http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-images-in-practice). Through the magic of CSS they will scale up or down to fill the container. If you go with something too small it will look like garbage when upscaled, and something too large will hurt performance.
**Please Note:** Paths for image headers, overlays, teasers, [galleries]({{ "/docs/helpers/#gallery" | relative_url }}), and [feature rows]({{ "/docs/helpers/#feature-row" | relative_url }}) have changed and require a full path. Instead of just `image: filename.jpg` you'll need to use the full path eg: `image: /assets/images/filename.jpg`. The preferred location is now `/assets/images/`, but can be placed elsewhere or external hosted. This all applies for image references in `_config.yml` and `author.yml` as well.
{: .notice--danger}
![single layout header image example]({{ "/assets/images/mm-single-header-example.jpg" | relative_url }})
Place your images in the `/assets/images/` folder and add the following YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
header:
image: /assets/images/image-filename.jpg
```
For externally hosted images include the full image path instead of just the filename:
```yaml
header:
image: http://some-site.com/assets/images/image.jpg
```
To provide a custom alt tag for screen readers:
```yaml
header:
image: /assets/images/unsplash-image-1.jpg
image_description: "A description of the image"
```
To include a caption or attribution for the image:
```yaml
header:
image: /assets/images/unsplash-image-1.jpg
caption: "Photo credit: [**Unsplash**](https://unsplash.com)"
```
**ProTip:** Captions written in Markdown are supported, so feel free to add links, or style text. Just be sure to wrap it in quotes.
{: .notice--info}
### Header overlay
To overlay text on top of a header image you have a few more options:
| Name | Description | Default |
| ---- | ----------- | ------- |
| **overlay_image** | Header image you'd like to overlay. Same rules as `header.image` from above. | |
| **overlay_filter** | Color/opacity to overlay on top of the header image eg: `0.5` or `rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5)`. |
| **show_overlay_excerpt** | Display excerpt in the overlay text | true |
| **excerpt** | Auto-generated page excerpt is added to the overlay text or can be overridden. | |
| **actions** | Call to action button links (`actions` array: `label` and `url`). More than one button link can be assigned. | |
| **cta_label** | Deprecated, use `actions` instead. Call to action button text label. | `more_label` in UI Text data file |
| **cta_url** | Deprecated, use `actions` instead. Call to action button URL. | |
With this YAML Front Matter:
```yaml
excerpt: "This post should display a **header with an overlay image**, if the theme supports it."
header:
overlay_image: /assets/images/unsplash-image-1.jpg
caption: "Photo credit: [**Unsplash**](https://unsplash.com)"
actions:
- label: "More Info"
url: "https://unsplash.com"
```
You'd get a header image overlaid with text and a call to action button like this:
![single layout header overlay example]({{ "/assets/images/mm-single-header-overlay-example.jpg" | relative_url }})
You also have the option of specifying a solid background-color to use instead of an image.
![single layout header overlay with background fill]({{ "/assets/images/mm-single-header-overlay-fill-example.jpg" | relative_url }})
```yaml
excerpt: "This post should display a **header with a solid background color**, if the theme supports it."
header:
overlay_color: "#333"
```
You can also specifying the opacity (between `0` and `1`) of a black overlay like so:
![transparent black overlay]({{ "/assets/images/mm-header-overlay-black-filter.jpg" | relative_url }})
```yaml
excerpt: "This post should [...]"
header:
overlay_image: /assets/images/unsplash-image-1.jpg
overlay_filter: 0.5 # same as adding an opacity of 0.5 to a black background
caption: "Photo credit: [**Unsplash**](https://unsplash.com)"
actions:
- label: "Download"
url: "https://github.com"
```
Or if you want to do more fancy things, go full rgba:
![transparent red overlay]({{ "/assets/images/mm-header-overlay-red-filter.jpg" | relative_url }})
```yaml
excerpt: "This post should [...]"
header:
overlay_image: /assets/images/unsplash-image-1.jpg
overlay_filter: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5)
caption: "Photo credit: [**Unsplash**](https://unsplash.com)"
actions:
- label: "Download"
url: "https://github.com"
```
Multiple call to action button links can be assigned like this:
```yaml
excerpt: "This post should display a **header with an overlay image**, if the theme supports it."
header:
overlay_image: /assets/images/unsplash-image-1.jpg
caption: "Photo credit: [**Unsplash**](https://unsplash.com)"
actions:
- label: "Foo Button"
url: "#foo"
- label: "Bar Button"
url: "#bar"
```
### Open Graph & Twitter Card images
By default the large page header or overlay images are used for sharing previews. If you'd like to set this image to something else use `page.header.og_image` like:
```yaml
header:
image: /assets/images/your-page-image.jpg
og_image: /assets/images/your-og-image.jpg
```
**ProTip:** `og_image` is useful for setting OpenGraph images on pages that don't have a header or overlay image.
{: .notice--info}
---
## Sidebars
The space to the left of a page's main content is blank by default, but has the ability to show an author profile (name, short biography, social media links), custom content, or both.
### Author profile
Add `author_profile: true` to a post or page's YAML Front Matter.
![single layout example]({{ "/assets/images/mm-layout-single.png" | relative_url }})
Better yet, enable it with Front Matter Defaults set in `_config.yml`.
```yaml
defaults:
# _posts
- scope:
path: ""
type: posts
values:
author_profile: true
```
**Note:** To disable the author sidebar profile for a specific post or page, add `author_profile: false` to the YAML Front Matter instead.
{: .notice--warning}
To assign more author links, add to the `author.links` array in [`_config.yml`]({{ "/docs/configuration/" | relative_url }}) link so. Any of [Font Awesome's icons](https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery) are available for use.
```yaml
author:
name: "Your Name"
avatar: "/assets/images/bio-photo.jpg"
bio: "I am an amazing person."
location: "Somewhere"
links:
- label: "Made Mistakes"
icon: "fas fa-fw fa-link"
url: "https://mademistakes.com"
- label: "Twitter"
icon: "fab fa-fw fa-twitter-square"
url: "https://twitter.com/mmistakes"
- label: "GitHub"
icon: "fab fa-fw fa-github"
url: "https://github.com/mmistakes"
- label: "Instagram"
icon: "fab fa-fw fa-instagram"
url: "https://instagram.com/mmistakes"
```
**Note:** Depending on the icon and theme skin used, colors may not be used. Popular social networks like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc. have the appropriate brand color set in CSS. To change or add missing colors edit [`_utilities.scss`](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/_sass/minimal-mistakes/_utilities.scss) in `/_sass/minimal-mistakes/`.
{: .notice--info}
For example, to color a Reddit icon, simply add a `color` declaration and the corresponding hex code like so:
```scss
.social-icons {
.fa-reddit {
color: #ff4500;
}
}
```
![Reddit link in author profile with color]({{ "/assets/images/mm-author-profile-reddit-color.png" | relative_url }})
### Custom sidebar content
Blocks of content can be added by using the following under `sidebar`:
| Name | Description |
| ---- | ----------- |
| **title** | Title or heading. |
| **image** | Image path placed in `/images/` folder or an external URL. |
| **image_alt** | Alternate description for image. |
| **text** | Text. Markdown is allowed. |
Multiple blocks can also be added by following the example below:
```yaml
sidebar:
- title: "Title"
image: http://placehold.it/350x250
image_alt: "image"
text: "Some text here."
- title: "Another Title"
text: "More text here."
```
Example of custom sidebar content added as YAML Front Matter.
**Note:** Custom sidebar content added to a post or page's YAML Front Matter will appear below the author profile if enabled with `author_profile: true`.
{: .notice--info}
### Custom sidebar navigation menu
To create a sidebar menu[^sidebar-menu] similar to the one found in the theme's documentation pages you'll need to modify a `_data` file and some YAML Front Matter.
[^sidebar-menu]: Sidebar menu supports 1 level of nested links.
Custom sidebar navigation menu example.
To start, add a new key to `_data/navigation.yml`. This will be referenced later in via YAML Front Matter so keep it short and memorable. In the case of the theme's documentation menu I used `docs`.
**Sample sidebar menu links:**
```yaml
docs:
- title: Getting Started
children:
- title: "Quick-Start Guide"
url: /docs/quick-start-guide/
- title: "Structure"
url: /docs/structure/
- title: "Installation"
url: /docs/installation/
- title: "Upgrading"
url: /docs/upgrading/
- title: Customization
children:
- title: "Configuration"
url: /docs/configuration/
- title: "Navigation"
url: /docs/navigation/
- title: "UI Text"
url: /docs/ui-text/
- title: "Authors"
url: /docs/authors/
- title: "Layouts"
url: /docs/layouts/
- title: Content
children:
- title: "Working with Posts"
url: /docs/posts/
- title: "Working with Pages"
url: /docs/pages/
- title: "Working with Collections"
url: /docs/collections/
- title: "Helpers"
url: /docs/helpers/
- title: "Utility Classes"
url: /docs/utility-classes/
- title: Extras
children:
- title: "Stylesheets"
url: /docs/stylesheets/
- title: "JavaScript"
url: /docs/javascript/
```
Now you can pull these links into any page by adding the following YAML Front Matter.
```yaml
sidebar:
nav: "docs"
```
**Note:** `nav: "docs"` references the `docs` key in `_data/navigation.yml` so make sure they match.
{: .notice--info}
If you're adding a sidebar navigation menu to several pages the use of Front Matter Defaults is a better option. You can define them in `_config.yml` to avoid adding it to every page or post.
**Sample sidebar nav default:**
```yaml
defaults:
# _docs
- scope:
path: ""
type: docs
values:
sidebar:
nav: "docs"
```
---
## Social sharing links
The `single` layout has an option to enable social links at the bottom of posts for sharing on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. Similar to the links found in the author sidebar, the theme ships with defaults for the most common social networks.
![default social share link buttons]({{ "/assets/images/mm-social-share-links-default.png" | relative_url }})
To enable these links add `share: true` to a post or page's YAML Front Matter or use a [default](https://jekyllrb.com/docs/configuration/#front-matter-defaults) in your `_config.yml` to apply more globally.
If you'd like to add, remove, or change the order of these default links you can do so by editing [`_includes/social-share.html`](https://github.com/mmistakes/minimal-mistakes/blob/master/_includes/social-share.html).
Let's say you wanted to replace the LinkedIn button with a Reddit one. Simply replace the HTML with the following:
```html
{% raw %} Reddit{% endraw %}
```
The important parts to change are:
1. Share point URL *eg. `https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=`
2. Link `title`
3. [Font Awesome icon](http://fontawesome.io/icons/) (`fa-` class)
4. Link label
![Reddit social share link button]({{ "/assets/images/mm-social-share-links-reddit-gs.png" | relative_url }})
To change the color of the button use one of the built in [utility classes]({{ "/docs/utility-classes/#buttons" | relative_url }}). Or you can create a new button class to match whatever color you want.
Under the `$social` color map in `assets/_scss/_buttons.scss` simply add a name (this will be appened to `btn--`) that matches the new button class. In our case `reddit` ~> `.btn--reddit`.
```scss
$social:
(facebook, $facebook-color),
(twitter, $twitter-color),
(linkedin, $linkedin-color);
(reddit, #ff4500;)
```
**ProTip:** For bonus points you can add it as a Sass `$variable` that you set in `_variables.scss` like the other ["brand" colors](http://brandcolors.net/).
{: .notice--info}
Add the new `.btn--reddit` class to the `` element from earlier, [compile `main.css`]({{ "/docs/stylesheets/" | relative_url }}) and away you go.
```html
{% raw %} Reddit{% endraw %}
```
![Reddit social share link button]({{ "/assets/images/mm-social-share-links-reddit-color.png" | relative_url }})
