MatrixSynapse/synapse/storage/controllers/persist_events.py

# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
# Copyright 2018-2019 New Vector Ltd
# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import itertools
import logging
from collections import deque
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Awaitable,
    Callable,
    ClassVar,
    Collection,
    Deque,
    Dict,
    Generator,
    Generic,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Tuple,
    TypeVar,
    Union,
)

import attr
from prometheus_client import Counter, Histogram

from twisted.internet import defer

from synapse.api.constants import EventTypes, Membership
from synapse.events import EventBase
from synapse.events.snapshot import EventContext
from synapse.logging import opentracing
from synapse.logging.context import PreserveLoggingContext, make_deferred_yieldable
from synapse.metrics.background_process_metrics import run_as_background_process
from synapse.storage.controllers.state import StateStorageController
from synapse.storage.databases import Databases
from synapse.storage.databases.main.events import DeltaState
from synapse.storage.databases.main.events_worker import EventRedactBehaviour
from synapse.storage.state import StateFilter
from synapse.types import (
    PersistedEventPosition,
    RoomStreamToken,
    StateMap,
    get_domain_from_id,
)
from synapse.util.async_helpers import ObservableDeferred, yieldable_gather_results
from synapse.util.metrics import Measure

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from synapse.server import HomeServer

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# The number of times we are recalculating the current state
state_delta_counter = Counter("synapse_storage_events_state_delta", "")

# The number of times we are recalculating state when there is only a
# single forward extremity
state_delta_single_event_counter = Counter(
    "synapse_storage_events_state_delta_single_event", ""
)

# The number of times we are reculating state when we could have resonably
# calculated the delta when we calculated the state for an event we were
# persisting.
state_delta_reuse_delta_counter = Counter(
    "synapse_storage_events_state_delta_reuse_delta", ""
)

# The number of forward extremities for each new event.
forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
    "synapse_storage_events_forward_extremities_persisted",
    "Number of forward extremities for each new event",
    buckets=(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
)

# The number of stale forward extremities for each new event. Stale extremities
# are those that were in the previous set of extremities as well as the new.
stale_forward_extremities_counter = Histogram(
    "synapse_storage_events_stale_forward_extremities_persisted",
    "Number of unchanged forward extremities for each new event",
    buckets=(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, "+Inf"),
)

state_resolutions_during_persistence = Counter(
    "synapse_storage_events_state_resolutions_during_persistence",
    "Number of times we had to do state res to calculate new current state",
)

potential_times_prune_extremities = Counter(
    "synapse_storage_events_potential_times_prune_extremities",
    "Number of times we might be able to prune extremities",
)

times_pruned_extremities = Counter(
    "synapse_storage_events_times_pruned_extremities",
    "Number of times we were actually be able to prune extremities",
)


@attr.s(auto_attribs=True, slots=True)
class _PersistEventsTask:
    """A batch of events to persist."""

    name: ClassVar[str] = "persist_event_batch"  # used for opentracing

    events_and_contexts: List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]]
    backfilled: bool

    def try_merge(self, task: "_EventPersistQueueTask") -> bool:
        """Batches events with the same backfilled option together."""
        if (
            not isinstance(task, _PersistEventsTask)
            or self.backfilled != task.backfilled
        ):
            return False

        self.events_and_contexts.extend(task.events_and_contexts)
        return True


@attr.s(auto_attribs=True, slots=True)
class _UpdateCurrentStateTask:
    """A room whose current state needs recalculating."""

    name: ClassVar[str] = "update_current_state"  # used for opentracing

    def try_merge(self, task: "_EventPersistQueueTask") -> bool:
        """Deduplicates consecutive recalculations of current state."""
        return isinstance(task, _UpdateCurrentStateTask)


_EventPersistQueueTask = Union[_PersistEventsTask, _UpdateCurrentStateTask]


@attr.s(auto_attribs=True, slots=True)
class _EventPersistQueueItem:
    task: _EventPersistQueueTask
    deferred: ObservableDeferred

    parent_opentracing_span_contexts: List = attr.ib(factory=list)
    """A list of opentracing spans waiting for this batch"""

    opentracing_span_context: Any = None
    """The opentracing span under which the persistence actually happened"""


_PersistResult = TypeVar("_PersistResult")


class _EventPeristenceQueue(Generic[_PersistResult]):
    """Queues up tasks so that they can be processed with only one concurrent
    transaction per room.

    Tasks can be bulk persistence of events or recalculation of a room's current state.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        per_item_callback: Callable[
            [str, _EventPersistQueueTask],
            Awaitable[_PersistResult],
        ],
    ):
        """Create a new event persistence queue

        The per_item_callback will be called for each item added via add_to_queue,
        and its result will be returned via the Deferreds returned from add_to_queue.
        """
        self._event_persist_queues: Dict[str, Deque[_EventPersistQueueItem]] = {}
        self._currently_persisting_rooms: Set[str] = set()
        self._per_item_callback = per_item_callback

    async def add_to_queue(
        self,
        room_id: str,
        task: _EventPersistQueueTask,
    ) -> _PersistResult:
        """Add a task to the queue.

        If we are not already processing tasks in this room, starts off a background
        process to to so, calling the per_item_callback for each item.

        Args:
            room_id (str):
            task (_EventPersistQueueTask): A _PersistEventsTask or
                _UpdateCurrentStateTask to process.

        Returns:
            the result returned by the `_per_item_callback` passed to
            `__init__`.
        """
        queue = self._event_persist_queues.setdefault(room_id, deque())

        if queue and queue[-1].task.try_merge(task):
            # the new task has been merged into the last task in the queue
            end_item = queue[-1]
        else:
            deferred: ObservableDeferred[_PersistResult] = ObservableDeferred(
                defer.Deferred(), consumeErrors=True
            )

            end_item = _EventPersistQueueItem(
                task=task,
                deferred=deferred,
            )
            queue.append(end_item)

        # also add our active opentracing span to the item so that we get a link back
        span = opentracing.active_span()
        if span:
            end_item.parent_opentracing_span_contexts.append(span.context)

        # start a processor for the queue, if there isn't one already
        self._handle_queue(room_id)

        # wait for the queue item to complete
        res = await make_deferred_yieldable(end_item.deferred.observe())

        # add another opentracing span which links to the persist trace.
        with opentracing.start_active_span_follows_from(
            f"{task.name}_complete", (end_item.opentracing_span_context,)
        ):
            pass

        return res

    def _handle_queue(self, room_id: str) -> None:
        """Attempts to handle the queue for a room if not already being handled.

        The queue's callback will be invoked with for each item in the queue,
        of type _EventPersistQueueItem. The per_item_callback will continuously
        be called with new items, unless the queue becomes empty. The return
        value of the function will be given to the deferreds waiting on the item,
        exceptions will be passed to the deferreds as well.

        This function should therefore be called whenever anything is added
        to the queue.

        If another callback is currently handling the queue then it will not be
        invoked.
        """
        if room_id in self._currently_persisting_rooms:
            return

        self._currently_persisting_rooms.add(room_id)

        async def handle_queue_loop() -> None:
            try:
                queue = self._get_drainining_queue(room_id)
                for item in queue:
                    try:
                        with opentracing.start_active_span_follows_from(
                            item.task.name,
                            item.parent_opentracing_span_contexts,
                            inherit_force_tracing=True,
                        ) as scope:
                            if scope:
                                item.opentracing_span_context = scope.span.context

                            ret = await self._per_item_callback(room_id, item.task)
                    except Exception:
                        with PreserveLoggingContext():
                            item.deferred.errback()
                    else:
                        with PreserveLoggingContext():
                            item.deferred.callback(ret)
            finally:
                remaining_queue = self._event_persist_queues.pop(room_id, None)
                if remaining_queue:
                    self._event_persist_queues[room_id] = remaining_queue
                self._currently_persisting_rooms.discard(room_id)

        # set handle_queue_loop off in the background
        run_as_background_process("persist_events", handle_queue_loop)

    def _get_drainining_queue(
        self, room_id: str
    ) -> Generator[_EventPersistQueueItem, None, None]:
        queue = self._event_persist_queues.setdefault(room_id, deque())

        try:
            while True:
                yield queue.popleft()
        except IndexError:
            # Queue has been drained.
            pass


class EventsPersistenceStorageController:
    """High level interface for handling persisting newly received events.

    Takes care of batching up events by room, and calculating the necessary
    current state and forward extremity changes.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        hs: "HomeServer",
        stores: Databases,
        state_controller: StateStorageController,
    ):
        # We ultimately want to split out the state store from the main store,
        # so we use separate variables here even though they point to the same
        # store for now.
        self.main_store = stores.main
        self.state_store = stores.state

        assert stores.persist_events
        self.persist_events_store = stores.persist_events

        self._clock = hs.get_clock()
        self._instance_name = hs.get_instance_name()
        self.is_mine_id = hs.is_mine_id
        self._event_persist_queue = _EventPeristenceQueue(
            self._process_event_persist_queue_task
        )
        self._state_resolution_handler = hs.get_state_resolution_handler()
        self._state_controller = state_controller

    async def _process_event_persist_queue_task(
        self,
        room_id: str,
        task: _EventPersistQueueTask,
    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Callback for the _event_persist_queue

        Returns:
            A dictionary of event ID to event ID we didn't persist as we already
            had another event persisted with the same TXN ID.
        """
        if isinstance(task, _PersistEventsTask):
            return await self._persist_event_batch(room_id, task)
        elif isinstance(task, _UpdateCurrentStateTask):
            await self._update_current_state(room_id, task)
            return {}
        else:
            raise AssertionError(
                f"Found an unexpected task type in event persistence queue: {task}"
            )

    @opentracing.trace
    async def persist_events(
        self,
        events_and_contexts: Iterable[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]],
        backfilled: bool = False,
    ) -> Tuple[List[EventBase], RoomStreamToken]:
        """
        Write events to the database
        Args:
            events_and_contexts: list of tuples of (event, context)
            backfilled: Whether the results are retrieved from federation
                via backfill or not. Used to determine if they're "new" events
                which might update the current state etc.

        Returns:
            List of events persisted, the current position room stream position.
            The list of events persisted may not be the same as those passed in
            if they were deduplicated due to an event already existing that
            matched the transaction ID; the existing event is returned in such
            a case.

        Raises:
            PartialStateConflictError: if attempting to persist a partial state event in
                a room that has been un-partial stated.
        """
        partitioned: Dict[str, List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]]] = {}
        for event, ctx in events_and_contexts:
            partitioned.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append((event, ctx))

        async def enqueue(
            item: Tuple[str, List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]]]
        ) -> Dict[str, str]:
            room_id, evs_ctxs = item
            return await self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
                room_id,
                _PersistEventsTask(events_and_contexts=evs_ctxs, backfilled=backfilled),
            )

        ret_vals = await yieldable_gather_results(enqueue, partitioned.items())

        # Each call to add_to_queue returns a map from event ID to existing event ID if
        # the event was deduplicated. (The dict may also include other entries if
        # the event was persisted in a batch with other events).
        #
        # Since we use `yieldable_gather_results` we need to merge the returned list
        # of dicts into one.
        replaced_events: Dict[str, str] = {}
        for d in ret_vals:
            replaced_events.update(d)

        events = []
        for event, _ in events_and_contexts:
            existing_event_id = replaced_events.get(event.event_id)
            if existing_event_id:
                events.append(await self.main_store.get_event(existing_event_id))
            else:
                events.append(event)

        return (
            events,
            self.main_store.get_room_max_token(),
        )

    @opentracing.trace
    async def persist_event(
        self, event: EventBase, context: EventContext, backfilled: bool = False
    ) -> Tuple[EventBase, PersistedEventPosition, RoomStreamToken]:
        """
        Returns:
            The event, stream ordering of `event`, and the stream ordering of the
            latest persisted event. The returned event may not match the given
            event if it was deduplicated due to an existing event matching the
            transaction ID.

        Raises:
            PartialStateConflictError: if attempting to persist a partial state event in
                a room that has been un-partial stated.
        """
        # add_to_queue returns a map from event ID to existing event ID if the
        # event was deduplicated. (The dict may also include other entries if
        # the event was persisted in a batch with other events.)
        replaced_events = await self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
            event.room_id,
            _PersistEventsTask(
                events_and_contexts=[(event, context)], backfilled=backfilled
            ),
        )
        replaced_event = replaced_events.get(event.event_id)
        if replaced_event:
            event = await self.main_store.get_event(replaced_event)

        event_stream_id = event.internal_metadata.stream_ordering
        # stream ordering should have been assigned by now
        assert event_stream_id

        pos = PersistedEventPosition(self._instance_name, event_stream_id)
        return event, pos, self.main_store.get_room_max_token()

    async def update_current_state(self, room_id: str) -> None:
        """Recalculate the current state for a room, and persist it"""
        await self._event_persist_queue.add_to_queue(
            room_id,
            _UpdateCurrentStateTask(),
        )

    async def _update_current_state(
        self, room_id: str, _task: _UpdateCurrentStateTask
    ) -> None:
        """Callback for the _event_persist_queue

        Recalculates the current state for a room, and persists it.
        """
        state = await self._calculate_current_state(room_id)
        delta = await self._calculate_state_delta(room_id, state)

        await self.persist_events_store.update_current_state(room_id, delta)

    async def _calculate_current_state(self, room_id: str) -> StateMap[str]:
        """Calculate the current state of a room, based on the forward extremities

        Args:
            room_id: room for which to calculate current state

        Returns:
            map from (type, state_key) to event id for the  current state in the room
        """
        latest_event_ids = await self.main_store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(room_id)
        state_groups = set(
            (
                await self.main_store._get_state_group_for_events(latest_event_ids)
            ).values()
        )

        state_maps_by_state_group = await self.state_store._get_state_for_groups(
            state_groups
        )

        if len(state_groups) == 1:
            # If there is only one state group, then we know what the current
            # state is.
            return state_maps_by_state_group[state_groups.pop()]

        # Ok, we need to defer to the state handler to resolve our state sets.
        logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from preserve_events")

        # Avoid a circular import.
        from synapse.state import StateResolutionStore

        room_version = await self.main_store.get_room_version_id(room_id)
        res = await self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
            room_id,
            room_version,
            state_maps_by_state_group,
            event_map=None,
            state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.main_store),
        )

        return await res.get_state(self._state_controller, StateFilter.all())

    async def _persist_event_batch(
        self, _room_id: str, task: _PersistEventsTask
    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Callback for the _event_persist_queue

        Calculates the change to current state and forward extremities, and
        persists the given events and with those updates.

        Returns:
            A dictionary of event ID to event ID we didn't persist as we already
            had another event persisted with the same TXN ID.

        Raises:
            PartialStateConflictError: if attempting to persist a partial state event in
                a room that has been un-partial stated.
        """
        events_and_contexts = task.events_and_contexts
        backfilled = task.backfilled

        replaced_events: Dict[str, str] = {}
        if not events_and_contexts:
            return replaced_events

        # Check if any of the events have a transaction ID that has already been
        # persisted, and if so we don't persist it again.
        #
        # We should have checked this a long time before we get here, but it's
        # possible that different send event requests race in such a way that
        # they both pass the earlier checks. Checking here isn't racey as we can
        # have only one `_persist_events` per room being called at a time.
        replaced_events = await self.main_store.get_already_persisted_events(
            (event for event, _ in events_and_contexts)
        )

        if replaced_events:
            events_and_contexts = [
                (e, ctx)
                for e, ctx in events_and_contexts
                if e.event_id not in replaced_events
            ]

            if not events_and_contexts:
                return replaced_events

        chunks = [
            events_and_contexts[x : x + 100]
            for x in range(0, len(events_and_contexts), 100)
        ]

        for chunk in chunks:
            # We can't easily parallelize these since different chunks
            # might contain the same event. :(

            # NB: Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room
            # at a time.

            # map room_id->set[event_ids] giving the new forward
            # extremities in each room
            new_forward_extremities: Dict[str, Set[str]] = {}

            # map room_id->(to_delete, to_insert) where to_delete is a list
            # of type/state keys to remove from current state, and to_insert
            # is a map (type,key)->event_id giving the state delta in each
            # room
            state_delta_for_room: Dict[str, DeltaState] = {}

            # Set of remote users which were in rooms the server has left. We
            # should check if we still share any rooms and if not we mark their
            # device lists as stale.
            potentially_left_users: Set[str] = set()

            if not backfilled:
                with Measure(self._clock, "_calculate_state_and_extrem"):
                    # Work out the new "current state" for each room.
                    # We do this by working out what the new extremities are and then
                    # calculating the state from that.
                    events_by_room: Dict[str, List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]]] = {}
                    for event, context in chunk:
                        events_by_room.setdefault(event.room_id, []).append(
                            (event, context)
                        )

                    for room_id, ev_ctx_rm in events_by_room.items():
                        latest_event_ids = set(
                            await self.main_store.get_latest_event_ids_in_room(room_id)
                        )
                        new_latest_event_ids = await self._calculate_new_extremities(
                            room_id, ev_ctx_rm, latest_event_ids
                        )

                        if new_latest_event_ids == latest_event_ids:
                            # No change in extremities, so no change in state
                            continue

                        # there should always be at least one forward extremity.
                        # (except during the initial persistence of the send_join
                        # results, in which case there will be no existing
                        # extremities, so we'll `continue` above and skip this bit.)
                        assert new_latest_event_ids, "No forward extremities left!"

                        new_forward_extremities[room_id] = new_latest_event_ids

                        len_1 = (
                            len(latest_event_ids) == 1
                            and len(new_latest_event_ids) == 1
                        )
                        if len_1:
                            all_single_prev_not_state = all(
                                len(event.prev_event_ids()) == 1
                                and not event.is_state()
                                for event, ctx in ev_ctx_rm
                            )
                            # Don't bother calculating state if they're just
                            # a long chain of single ancestor non-state events.
                            if all_single_prev_not_state:
                                continue

                        state_delta_counter.inc()
                        if len(new_latest_event_ids) == 1:
                            state_delta_single_event_counter.inc()

                            # This is a fairly handwavey check to see if we could
                            # have guessed what the delta would have been when
                            # processing one of these events.
                            # What we're interested in is if the latest extremities
                            # were the same when we created the event as they are
                            # now. When this server creates a new event (as opposed
                            # to receiving it over federation) it will use the
                            # forward extremities as the prev_events, so we can
                            # guess this by looking at the prev_events and checking
                            # if they match the current forward extremities.
                            for ev, _ in ev_ctx_rm:
                                prev_event_ids = set(ev.prev_event_ids())
                                if latest_event_ids == prev_event_ids:
                                    state_delta_reuse_delta_counter.inc()
                                    break

                        logger.debug("Calculating state delta for room %s", room_id)
                        with Measure(
                            self._clock, "persist_events.get_new_state_after_events"
                        ):
                            res = await self._get_new_state_after_events(
                                room_id,
                                ev_ctx_rm,
                                latest_event_ids,
                                new_latest_event_ids,
                            )
                            current_state, delta_ids, new_latest_event_ids = res

                            # there should always be at least one forward extremity.
                            # (except during the initial persistence of the send_join
                            # results, in which case there will be no existing
                            # extremities, so we'll `continue` above and skip this bit.)
                            assert new_latest_event_ids, "No forward extremities left!"

                            new_forward_extremities[room_id] = new_latest_event_ids

                        # If either are not None then there has been a change,
                        # and we need to work out the delta (or use that
                        # given)
                        delta = None
                        if delta_ids is not None:
                            # If there is a delta we know that we've
                            # only added or replaced state, never
                            # removed keys entirely.
                            delta = DeltaState([], delta_ids)
                        elif current_state is not None:
                            with Measure(
                                self._clock, "persist_events.calculate_state_delta"
                            ):
                                delta = await self._calculate_state_delta(
                                    room_id, current_state
                                )

                        if delta:
                            # If we have a change of state then lets check
                            # whether we're actually still a member of the room,
                            # or if our last user left. If we're no longer in
                            # the room then we delete the current state and
                            # extremities.
                            is_still_joined = await self._is_server_still_joined(
                                room_id,
                                ev_ctx_rm,
                                delta,
                                current_state,
                                potentially_left_users,
                            )
                            if not is_still_joined:
                                logger.info("Server no longer in room %s", room_id)
                                latest_event_ids = set()
                                current_state = {}
                                delta.no_longer_in_room = True

                            state_delta_for_room[room_id] = delta

            await self.persist_events_store._persist_events_and_state_updates(
                chunk,
                state_delta_for_room=state_delta_for_room,
                new_forward_extremities=new_forward_extremities,
                use_negative_stream_ordering=backfilled,
                inhibit_local_membership_updates=backfilled,
            )

            await self._handle_potentially_left_users(potentially_left_users)

        return replaced_events

    async def _calculate_new_extremities(
        self,
        room_id: str,
        event_contexts: List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]],
        latest_event_ids: Collection[str],
    ) -> Set[str]:
        """Calculates the new forward extremities for a room given events to
        persist.

        Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room at a time.
        """

        # we're only interested in new events which aren't outliers and which aren't
        # being rejected.
        new_events = [
            event
            for event, ctx in event_contexts
            if not event.internal_metadata.is_outlier()
            and not ctx.rejected
            and not event.internal_metadata.is_soft_failed()
        ]

        latest_event_ids = set(latest_event_ids)

        # start with the existing forward extremities
        result = set(latest_event_ids)

        # add all the new events to the list
        result.update(event.event_id for event in new_events)

        # Now remove all events which are prev_events of any of the new events
        result.difference_update(
            e_id for event in new_events for e_id in event.prev_event_ids()
        )

        # Remove any events which are prev_events of any existing events.
        existing_prevs: Collection[
            str
        ] = await self.persist_events_store._get_events_which_are_prevs(result)
        result.difference_update(existing_prevs)

        # Finally handle the case where the new events have soft-failed prev
        # events. If they do we need to remove them and their prev events,
        # otherwise we end up with dangling extremities.
        existing_prevs = await self.persist_events_store._get_prevs_before_rejected(
            e_id for event in new_events for e_id in event.prev_event_ids()
        )
        result.difference_update(existing_prevs)

        # We only update metrics for events that change forward extremities
        # (e.g. we ignore backfill/outliers/etc)
        if result != latest_event_ids:
            forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(result))
            stale = latest_event_ids & result
            stale_forward_extremities_counter.observe(len(stale))

        return result

    async def _get_new_state_after_events(
        self,
        room_id: str,
        events_context: List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]],
        old_latest_event_ids: Set[str],
        new_latest_event_ids: Set[str],
    ) -> Tuple[Optional[StateMap[str]], Optional[StateMap[str]], Set[str]]:
        """Calculate the current state dict after adding some new events to
        a room

        Args:
            room_id:
                room to which the events are being added. Used for logging etc

            events_context:
                events and contexts which are being added to the room

            old_latest_event_ids:
                the old forward extremities for the room.

            new_latest_event_ids :
                the new forward extremities for the room.

        Returns:
            Returns a tuple of two state maps and a set of new forward
            extremities.

            The first state map is the full new current state and the second
            is the delta to the existing current state. If both are None then
            there has been no change. Either or neither can be None if there
            has been a change.

            The function may prune some old entries from the set of new
            forward extremities if it's safe to do so.

            If there has been a change then we only return the delta if its
            already been calculated. Conversely if we do know the delta then
            the new current state is only returned if we've already calculated
            it.
        """
        # Map from (prev state group, new state group) -> delta state dict
        state_group_deltas = {}

        for ev, ctx in events_context:
            if ctx.state_group is None:
                # This should only happen for outlier events.
                if not ev.internal_metadata.is_outlier():
                    raise Exception(
                        "Context for new event %s has no state "
                        "group" % (ev.event_id,)
                    )
                continue

            if ctx.prev_group:
                state_group_deltas[(ctx.prev_group, ctx.state_group)] = ctx.delta_ids

        # We need to map the event_ids to their state groups. First, let's
        # check if the event is one we're persisting, in which case we can
        # pull the state group from its context.
        # Otherwise we need to pull the state group from the database.

        # Set of events we need to fetch groups for. (We know none of the old
        # extremities are going to be in events_context).
        missing_event_ids = set(old_latest_event_ids)

        event_id_to_state_group = {}
        for event_id in new_latest_event_ids:
            # First search in the list of new events we're adding.
            for ev, ctx in events_context:
                if event_id == ev.event_id and ctx.state_group is not None:
                    event_id_to_state_group[event_id] = ctx.state_group
                    break
            else:
                # If we couldn't find it, then we'll need to pull
                # the state from the database
                missing_event_ids.add(event_id)

        if missing_event_ids:
            # Now pull out the state groups for any missing events from DB
            event_to_groups = await self.main_store._get_state_group_for_events(
                missing_event_ids
            )
            event_id_to_state_group.update(event_to_groups)

        # State groups of old_latest_event_ids
        old_state_groups = {
            event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in old_latest_event_ids
        }

        # State groups of new_latest_event_ids
        new_state_groups = {
            event_id_to_state_group[evid] for evid in new_latest_event_ids
        }

        # If they old and new groups are the same then we don't need to do
        # anything.
        if old_state_groups == new_state_groups:
            return None, None, new_latest_event_ids

        if len(new_state_groups) == 1 and len(old_state_groups) == 1:
            # If we're going from one state group to another, lets check if
            # we have a delta for that transition. If we do then we can just
            # return that.

            new_state_group = next(iter(new_state_groups))
            old_state_group = next(iter(old_state_groups))

            delta_ids = state_group_deltas.get((old_state_group, new_state_group), None)
            if delta_ids is not None:
                # We have a delta from the existing to new current state,
                # so lets just return that.
                return None, delta_ids, new_latest_event_ids

        # Now that we have calculated new_state_groups we need to get
        # their state IDs so we can resolve to a single state set.
        state_groups_map = await self.state_store._get_state_for_groups(
            new_state_groups
        )

        if len(new_state_groups) == 1:
            # If there is only one state group, then we know what the current
            # state is.
            return state_groups_map[new_state_groups.pop()], None, new_latest_event_ids

        # Ok, we need to defer to the state handler to resolve our state sets.

        state_groups = {sg: state_groups_map[sg] for sg in new_state_groups}

        events_map = {ev.event_id: ev for ev, _ in events_context}

        # We need to get the room version, which is in the create event.
        # Normally that'd be in the database, but its also possible that we're
        # currently trying to persist it.
        room_version = None
        for ev, _ in events_context:
            if ev.type == EventTypes.Create and ev.state_key == "":
                room_version = ev.content.get("room_version", "1")
                break

        if not room_version:
            room_version = await self.main_store.get_room_version_id(room_id)

        logger.debug("calling resolve_state_groups from preserve_events")

        # Avoid a circular import.
        from synapse.state import StateResolutionStore

        res = await self._state_resolution_handler.resolve_state_groups(
            room_id,
            room_version,
            state_groups,
            events_map,
            state_res_store=StateResolutionStore(self.main_store),
        )

        state_resolutions_during_persistence.inc()

        # If the returned state matches the state group of one of the new
        # forward extremities then we check if we are able to prune some state
        # extremities.
        if res.state_group and res.state_group in new_state_groups:
            new_latest_event_ids = await self._prune_extremities(
                room_id,
                new_latest_event_ids,
                res.state_group,
                event_id_to_state_group,
                events_context,
            )

        full_state = await res.get_state(self._state_controller)
        return full_state, None, new_latest_event_ids

    async def _prune_extremities(
        self,
        room_id: str,
        new_latest_event_ids: Set[str],
        resolved_state_group: int,
        event_id_to_state_group: Dict[str, int],
        events_context: List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]],
    ) -> Set[str]:
        """See if we can prune any of the extremities after calculating the
        resolved state.
        """
        potential_times_prune_extremities.inc()

        # We keep all the extremities that have the same state group, and
        # see if we can drop the others.
        new_new_extrems = {
            e
            for e in new_latest_event_ids
            if event_id_to_state_group[e] == resolved_state_group
        }

        dropped_extrems = set(new_latest_event_ids) - new_new_extrems

        logger.debug("Might drop extremities: %s", dropped_extrems)

        # We only drop events from the extremities list if:
        #   1. we're not currently persisting them;
        #   2. they're not our own events (or are dummy events); and
        #   3. they're either:
        #       1. over N hours old and more than N events ago (we use depth to
        #          calculate); or
        #       2. we are persisting an event from the same domain and more than
        #          M events ago.
        #
        # The idea is that we don't want to drop events that are "legitimate"
        # extremities (that we would want to include as prev events), only
        # "stuck" extremities that are e.g. due to a gap in the graph.
        #
        # Note that we either drop all of them or none of them. If we only drop
        # some of the events we don't know if state res would come to the same
        # conclusion.

        for ev, _ in events_context:
            if ev.event_id in dropped_extrems:
                logger.debug(
                    "Not dropping extremities: %s is being persisted", ev.event_id
                )
                return new_latest_event_ids

        dropped_events = await self.main_store.get_events(
            dropped_extrems,
            allow_rejected=True,
            redact_behaviour=EventRedactBehaviour.as_is,
        )

        new_senders = {get_domain_from_id(e.sender) for e, _ in events_context}

        one_day_ago = self._clock.time_msec() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000
        current_depth = max(e.depth for e, _ in events_context)
        for event in dropped_events.values():
            # If the event is a local dummy event then we should check it
            # doesn't reference any local events, as we want to reference those
            # if we send any new events.
            #
            # Note we do this recursively to handle the case where a dummy event
            # references a dummy event that only references remote events.
            #
            # Ideally we'd figure out a way of still being able to drop old
            # dummy events that reference local events, but this is good enough
            # as a first cut.
            events_to_check: Collection[EventBase] = [event]
            while events_to_check:
                new_events: Set[str] = set()
                for event_to_check in events_to_check:
                    if self.is_mine_id(event_to_check.sender):
                        if event_to_check.type != EventTypes.Dummy:
                            logger.debug("Not dropping own event")
                            return new_latest_event_ids
                        new_events.update(event_to_check.prev_event_ids())

                prev_events = await self.main_store.get_events(
                    new_events,
                    allow_rejected=True,
                    redact_behaviour=EventRedactBehaviour.as_is,
                )
                events_to_check = prev_events.values()

            if (
                event.origin_server_ts < one_day_ago
                and event.depth < current_depth - 100
            ):
                continue

            # We can be less conservative about dropping extremities from the
            # same domain, though we do want to wait a little bit (otherwise
            # we'll immediately remove all extremities from a given server).
            if (
                get_domain_from_id(event.sender) in new_senders
                and event.depth < current_depth - 20
            ):
                continue

            logger.debug(
                "Not dropping as too new and not in new_senders: %s",
                new_senders,
            )

            return new_latest_event_ids

        times_pruned_extremities.inc()

        logger.info(
            "Pruning forward extremities in room %s: from %s -> %s",
            room_id,
            new_latest_event_ids,
            new_new_extrems,
        )
        return new_new_extrems

    async def _calculate_state_delta(
        self, room_id: str, current_state: StateMap[str]
    ) -> DeltaState:
        """Calculate the new state deltas for a room.

        Assumes that we are only persisting events for one room at a time.
        """
        existing_state = await self.main_store.get_partial_current_state_ids(room_id)

        to_delete = [key for key in existing_state if key not in current_state]

        to_insert = {
            key: ev_id
            for key, ev_id in current_state.items()
            if ev_id != existing_state.get(key)
        }

        return DeltaState(to_delete=to_delete, to_insert=to_insert)

    async def _is_server_still_joined(
        self,
        room_id: str,
        ev_ctx_rm: List[Tuple[EventBase, EventContext]],
        delta: DeltaState,
        current_state: Optional[StateMap[str]],
        potentially_left_users: Set[str],
    ) -> bool:
        """Check if the server will still be joined after the given events have
        been persised.

        Args:
            room_id
            ev_ctx_rm
            delta: The delta of current state between what is in the database
                and what the new current state will be.
            current_state: The new current state if it already been calculated,
                otherwise None.
            potentially_left_users: If the server has left the room, then joined
                remote users will be added to this set to indicate that the
                server may no longer be sharing a room with them.
        """

        if not any(
            self.is_mine_id(state_key)
            for typ, state_key in itertools.chain(delta.to_delete, delta.to_insert)
            if typ == EventTypes.Member
        ):
            # There have been no changes to membership of our users, so nothing
            # has changed and we assume we're still in the room.
            return True

        # Check if any of the given events are a local join that appear in the
        # current state
        events_to_check = []  # Event IDs that aren't an event we're persisting
        for (typ, state_key), event_id in delta.to_insert.items():
            if typ != EventTypes.Member or not self.is_mine_id(state_key):
                continue

            for event, _ in ev_ctx_rm:
                if event_id == event.event_id:
                    if event.membership == Membership.JOIN:
                        return True

            # The event is not in `ev_ctx_rm`, so we need to pull it out of
            # the DB.
            events_to_check.append(event_id)

        # Check if any of the changes that we don't have events for are joins.
        if events_to_check:
            members = await self.main_store.get_membership_from_event_ids(
                events_to_check
            )
            is_still_joined = any(
                member and member.membership == Membership.JOIN
                for member in members.values()
            )
            if is_still_joined:
                return True

        # None of the new state events are local joins, so we check the database
        # to see if there are any other local users in the room. We ignore users
        # whose state has changed as we've already their new state above.
        users_to_ignore = [
            state_key
            for typ, state_key in itertools.chain(delta.to_insert, delta.to_delete)
            if typ == EventTypes.Member and self.is_mine_id(state_key)
        ]

        if await self.main_store.is_local_host_in_room_ignoring_users(
            room_id, users_to_ignore
        ):
            return True

        # The server will leave the room, so we go and find out which remote
        # users will still be joined when we leave.
        if current_state is None:
            current_state = await self.main_store.get_partial_current_state_ids(room_id)
            current_state = dict(current_state)
            for key in delta.to_delete:
                current_state.pop(key, None)

            current_state.update(delta.to_insert)

        remote_event_ids = [
            event_id
            for (
                typ,
                state_key,
            ), event_id in current_state.items()
            if typ == EventTypes.Member and not self.is_mine_id(state_key)
        ]
        members = await self.main_store.get_membership_from_event_ids(remote_event_ids)
        potentially_left_users.update(
            member.user_id
            for member in members.values()
            if member and member.membership == Membership.JOIN
        )

        return False

    async def _handle_potentially_left_users(self, user_ids: Set[str]) -> None:
        """Given a set of remote users check if the server still shares a room with
        them. If not then mark those users' device cache as stale.
        """

        if not user_ids:
            return

        joined_users = await self.main_store.get_users_server_still_shares_room_with(
            user_ids
        )
        left_users = user_ids - joined_users

        for user_id in left_users:
            await self.main_store.mark_remote_user_device_list_as_unsubscribed(user_id)