MatrixSynapse/synapse/crypto/keyring.py

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# Copyright 2014-2016 OpenMarket Ltd
# Copyright 2017, 2018 New Vector Ltd
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import abc
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import logging
import urllib
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
import attr
from signedjson.key import (
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decode_verify_key_bytes,
encode_verify_key_base64,
get_verify_key,
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is_signing_algorithm_supported,
)
from signedjson.sign import (
SignatureVerifyException,
encode_canonical_json,
signature_ids,
verify_signed_json,
)
from signedjson.types import VerifyKey
from unpaddedbase64 import decode_base64
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from twisted.internet import defer
from synapse.api.errors import (
Codes,
HttpResponseException,
RequestSendFailed,
SynapseError,
)
from synapse.config.key import TrustedKeyServer
from synapse.events import EventBase
from synapse.events.utils import prune_event_dict
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from synapse.logging.context import make_deferred_yieldable, run_in_background
from synapse.storage.keys import FetchKeyResult
from synapse.types import JsonDict
from synapse.util import unwrapFirstError
from synapse.util.async_helpers import yieldable_gather_results
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from synapse.util.batching_queue import BatchingQueue
from synapse.util.retryutils import NotRetryingDestination
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from synapse.server import HomeServer
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@attr.s(slots=True, cmp=False)
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class VerifyJsonRequest:
"""
A request to verify a JSON object.
Attributes:
server_name: The name of the server to verify against.
get_json_object: A callback to fetch the JSON object to verify.
A callback is used to allow deferring the creation of the JSON
object to verify until needed, e.g. for events we can defer
creating the redacted copy. This reduces the memory usage when
there are large numbers of in flight requests.
minimum_valid_until_ts: time at which we require the signing key to
be valid. (0 implies we don't care)
key_ids: The set of key_ids to that could be used to verify the JSON object
"""
server_name = attr.ib(type=str)
get_json_object = attr.ib(type=Callable[[], JsonDict])
minimum_valid_until_ts = attr.ib(type=int)
key_ids = attr.ib(type=List[str])
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@staticmethod
def from_json_object(
server_name: str,
json_object: JsonDict,
minimum_valid_until_ms: int,
) -> "VerifyJsonRequest":
"""Create a VerifyJsonRequest to verify all signatures on a signed JSON
object for the given server.
"""
key_ids = signature_ids(json_object, server_name)
return VerifyJsonRequest(
server_name,
lambda: json_object,
minimum_valid_until_ms,
key_ids=key_ids,
)
@staticmethod
def from_event(
server_name: str,
event: EventBase,
minimum_valid_until_ms: int,
) -> "VerifyJsonRequest":
"""Create a VerifyJsonRequest to verify all signatures on an event
object for the given server.
"""
key_ids = list(event.signatures.get(server_name, []))
return VerifyJsonRequest(
server_name,
# We defer creating the redacted json object, as it uses a lot more
# memory than the Event object itself.
lambda: prune_event_dict(event.room_version, event.get_pdu_json()),
minimum_valid_until_ms,
key_ids=key_ids,
)
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def to_fetch_key_request(self) -> "_FetchKeyRequest":
"""Create a key fetch request for all keys needed to satisfy the
verification request.
"""
return _FetchKeyRequest(
server_name=self.server_name,
minimum_valid_until_ts=self.minimum_valid_until_ts,
key_ids=self.key_ids,
)
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class KeyLookupError(ValueError):
pass
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@attr.s(slots=True)
class _FetchKeyRequest:
"""A request for keys for a given server.
We will continue to try and fetch until we have all the keys listed under
`key_ids` (with an appropriate `valid_until_ts` property) or we run out of
places to fetch keys from.
Attributes:
server_name: The name of the server that owns the keys.
minimum_valid_until_ts: The timestamp which the keys must be valid until.
key_ids: The IDs of the keys to attempt to fetch
"""
server_name = attr.ib(type=str)
minimum_valid_until_ts = attr.ib(type=int)
key_ids = attr.ib(type=List[str])
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class Keyring:
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"""Handles verifying signed JSON objects and fetching the keys needed to do
so.
"""
def __init__(
self, hs: "HomeServer", key_fetchers: "Optional[Iterable[KeyFetcher]]" = None
):
self.clock = hs.get_clock()
if key_fetchers is None:
key_fetchers = (
StoreKeyFetcher(hs),
PerspectivesKeyFetcher(hs),
ServerKeyFetcher(hs),
)
self._key_fetchers = key_fetchers
self._server_queue: BatchingQueue[
_FetchKeyRequest, Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]
] = BatchingQueue(
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"keyring_server",
clock=hs.get_clock(),
process_batch_callback=self._inner_fetch_key_requests,
)
self.verify_key = get_verify_key(hs.signing_key)
self.hostname = hs.hostname
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async def verify_json_for_server(
self,
server_name: str,
json_object: JsonDict,
validity_time: int,
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) -> None:
"""Verify that a JSON object has been signed by a given server
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Completes if the the object was correctly signed, otherwise raises.
Args:
server_name: name of the server which must have signed this object
json_object: object to be checked
validity_time: timestamp at which we require the signing key to
be valid. (0 implies we don't care)
"""
request = VerifyJsonRequest.from_json_object(
server_name,
json_object,
validity_time,
)
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return await self.process_request(request)
def verify_json_objects_for_server(
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self, server_and_json: Iterable[Tuple[str, dict, int]]
) -> List[defer.Deferred]:
"""Bulk verifies signatures of json objects, bulk fetching keys as
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necessary.
Args:
server_and_json:
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Iterable of (server_name, json_object, validity_time)
tuples.
validity_time is a timestamp at which the signing key must be
valid.
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Returns:
List<Deferred[None]>: for each input triplet, a deferred indicating success
or failure to verify each json object's signature for the given
server_name. The deferreds run their callbacks in the sentinel
logcontext.
"""
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return [
run_in_background(
self.process_request,
VerifyJsonRequest.from_json_object(
server_name,
json_object,
validity_time,
),
)
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for server_name, json_object, validity_time in server_and_json
]
async def verify_event_for_server(
self,
server_name: str,
event: EventBase,
validity_time: int,
) -> None:
await self.process_request(
VerifyJsonRequest.from_event(
server_name,
event,
validity_time,
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)
)
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async def process_request(self, verify_request: VerifyJsonRequest) -> None:
"""Processes the `VerifyJsonRequest`. Raises if the object is not signed
by the server, the signatures don't match or we failed to fetch the
necessary keys.
"""
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if not verify_request.key_ids:
raise SynapseError(
400,
f"Not signed by {verify_request.server_name}",
Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
)
# If we are the originating server don't fetch verify key for self over federation
if verify_request.server_name == self.hostname:
await self._process_json(self.verify_key, verify_request)
return
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# Add the keys we need to verify to the queue for retrieval. We queue
# up requests for the same server so we don't end up with many in flight
# requests for the same keys.
key_request = verify_request.to_fetch_key_request()
found_keys_by_server = await self._server_queue.add_to_queue(
key_request, key=verify_request.server_name
)
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# Since we batch up requests the returned set of keys may contain keys
# from other servers, so we pull out only the ones we care about.s
found_keys = found_keys_by_server.get(verify_request.server_name, {})
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# Verify each signature we got valid keys for, raising if we can't
# verify any of them.
verified = False
for key_id in verify_request.key_ids:
key_result = found_keys.get(key_id)
if not key_result:
continue
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if key_result.valid_until_ts < verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts:
continue
await self._process_json(key_result.verify_key, verify_request)
verified = True
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if not verified:
raise SynapseError(
401,
f"Failed to find any key to satisfy: {key_request}",
Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
)
async def _process_json(
self, verify_key: VerifyKey, verify_request: VerifyJsonRequest
) -> None:
"""Processes the `VerifyJsonRequest`. Raises if the signature can't be
verified.
"""
try:
verify_signed_json(
verify_request.get_json_object(),
verify_request.server_name,
verify_key,
)
except SignatureVerifyException as e:
logger.debug(
"Error verifying signature for %s:%s:%s with key %s: %s",
verify_request.server_name,
verify_key.alg,
verify_key.version,
encode_verify_key_base64(verify_key),
str(e),
)
raise SynapseError(
401,
"Invalid signature for server %s with key %s:%s: %s"
% (
verify_request.server_name,
verify_key.alg,
verify_key.version,
str(e),
),
Codes.UNAUTHORIZED,
)
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async def _inner_fetch_key_requests(
self, requests: List[_FetchKeyRequest]
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]:
"""Processing function for the queue of `_FetchKeyRequest`."""
logger.debug("Starting fetch for %s", requests)
# First we need to deduplicate requests for the same key. We do this by
# taking the *maximum* requested `minimum_valid_until_ts` for each pair
# of server name/key ID.
server_to_key_to_ts: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] = {}
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for request in requests:
by_server = server_to_key_to_ts.setdefault(request.server_name, {})
for key_id in request.key_ids:
existing_ts = by_server.get(key_id, 0)
by_server[key_id] = max(request.minimum_valid_until_ts, existing_ts)
deduped_requests = [
_FetchKeyRequest(server_name, minimum_valid_ts, [key_id])
for server_name, by_server in server_to_key_to_ts.items()
for key_id, minimum_valid_ts in by_server.items()
]
logger.debug("Deduplicated key requests to %s", deduped_requests)
# For each key we call `_inner_verify_request` which will handle
# fetching each key. Note these shouldn't throw if we fail to contact
# other servers etc.
results_per_request = await yieldable_gather_results(
self._inner_fetch_key_request,
deduped_requests,
)
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# We now convert the returned list of results into a map from server
# name to key ID to FetchKeyResult, to return.
to_return: Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]] = {}
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for (request, results) in zip(deduped_requests, results_per_request):
to_return_by_server = to_return.setdefault(request.server_name, {})
for key_id, key_result in results.items():
existing = to_return_by_server.get(key_id)
if not existing or existing.valid_until_ts < key_result.valid_until_ts:
to_return_by_server[key_id] = key_result
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return to_return
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async def _inner_fetch_key_request(
self, verify_request: _FetchKeyRequest
) -> Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]:
"""Attempt to fetch the given key by calling each key fetcher one by
one.
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"""
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logger.debug("Starting fetch for %s", verify_request)
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found_keys: Dict[str, FetchKeyResult] = {}
missing_key_ids = set(verify_request.key_ids)
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for fetcher in self._key_fetchers:
if not missing_key_ids:
break
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logger.debug("Getting keys from %s for %s", fetcher, verify_request)
keys = await fetcher.get_keys(
verify_request.server_name,
list(missing_key_ids),
verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts,
)
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for key_id, key in keys.items():
if not key:
continue
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# If we already have a result for the given key ID we keep the
# one with the highest `valid_until_ts`.
existing_key = found_keys.get(key_id)
if existing_key:
if key.valid_until_ts <= existing_key.valid_until_ts:
continue
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# We always store the returned key even if it doesn't the
# `minimum_valid_until_ts` requirement, as some verification
# requests may still be able to be satisfied by it.
#
# We still keep looking for the key from other fetchers in that
# case though.
found_keys[key_id] = key
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if key.valid_until_ts < verify_request.minimum_valid_until_ts:
continue
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missing_key_ids.discard(key_id)
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return found_keys
class KeyFetcher(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
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def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
self._queue = BatchingQueue(
self.__class__.__name__, hs.get_clock(), self._fetch_keys
)
async def get_keys(
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self, server_name: str, key_ids: List[str], minimum_valid_until_ts: int
) -> Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]:
results = await self._queue.add_to_queue(
_FetchKeyRequest(
server_name=server_name,
key_ids=key_ids,
minimum_valid_until_ts=minimum_valid_until_ts,
)
)
return results.get(server_name, {})
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@abc.abstractmethod
async def _fetch_keys(
self, keys_to_fetch: List[_FetchKeyRequest]
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]:
pass
class StoreKeyFetcher(KeyFetcher):
"""KeyFetcher impl which fetches keys from our data store"""
def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
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super().__init__(hs)
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self.store = hs.get_datastore()
async def _fetch_keys(
self, keys_to_fetch: List[_FetchKeyRequest]
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]:
key_ids_to_fetch = (
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(queue_value.server_name, key_id)
for queue_value in keys_to_fetch
for key_id in queue_value.key_ids
)
res = await self.store.get_server_verify_keys(key_ids_to_fetch)
keys: Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]] = {}
for (server_name, key_id), key in res.items():
keys.setdefault(server_name, {})[key_id] = key
return keys
class BaseV2KeyFetcher(KeyFetcher):
def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
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super().__init__(hs)
self.store = hs.get_datastore()
self.config = hs.config
async def process_v2_response(
self, from_server: str, response_json: JsonDict, time_added_ms: int
) -> Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]:
"""Parse a 'Server Keys' structure from the result of a /key request
This is used to parse either the entirety of the response from
GET /_matrix/key/v2/server, or a single entry from the list returned by
POST /_matrix/key/v2/query.
Checks that each signature in the response that claims to come from the origin
server is valid, and that there is at least one such signature.
Stores the json in server_keys_json so that it can be used for future responses
to /_matrix/key/v2/query.
Args:
from_server: the name of the server producing this result: either
the origin server for a /_matrix/key/v2/server request, or the notary
for a /_matrix/key/v2/query.
response_json: the json-decoded Server Keys response object
time_added_ms: the timestamp to record in server_keys_json
Returns:
Map from key_id to result object
"""
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ts_valid_until_ms = response_json["valid_until_ts"]
# start by extracting the keys from the response, since they may be required
# to validate the signature on the response.
verify_keys = {}
for key_id, key_data in response_json["verify_keys"].items():
if is_signing_algorithm_supported(key_id):
key_base64 = key_data["key"]
key_bytes = decode_base64(key_base64)
verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, key_bytes)
verify_keys[key_id] = FetchKeyResult(
verify_key=verify_key, valid_until_ts=ts_valid_until_ms
)
server_name = response_json["server_name"]
verified = False
for key_id in response_json["signatures"].get(server_name, {}):
key = verify_keys.get(key_id)
if not key:
# the key may not be present in verify_keys if:
# * we got the key from the notary server, and:
# * the key belongs to the notary server, and:
# * the notary server is using a different key to sign notary
# responses.
continue
verify_signed_json(response_json, server_name, key.verify_key)
verified = True
break
if not verified:
raise KeyLookupError(
"Key response for %s is not signed by the origin server"
% (server_name,)
)
for key_id, key_data in response_json["old_verify_keys"].items():
if is_signing_algorithm_supported(key_id):
key_base64 = key_data["key"]
key_bytes = decode_base64(key_base64)
verify_key = decode_verify_key_bytes(key_id, key_bytes)
verify_keys[key_id] = FetchKeyResult(
verify_key=verify_key, valid_until_ts=key_data["expired_ts"]
)
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key_json_bytes = encode_canonical_json(response_json)
await make_deferred_yieldable(
defer.gatherResults(
[
run_in_background(
self.store.store_server_keys_json,
server_name=server_name,
key_id=key_id,
from_server=from_server,
ts_now_ms=time_added_ms,
ts_expires_ms=ts_valid_until_ms,
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key_json_bytes=key_json_bytes,
)
for key_id in verify_keys
],
consumeErrors=True,
).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
)
return verify_keys
class PerspectivesKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
"""KeyFetcher impl which fetches keys from the "perspectives" servers"""
def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
super().__init__(hs)
self.clock = hs.get_clock()
self.client = hs.get_federation_http_client()
self.key_servers = self.config.key.key_servers
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async def _fetch_keys(
self, keys_to_fetch: List[_FetchKeyRequest]
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]:
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"""see KeyFetcher._fetch_keys"""
async def get_key(key_server: TrustedKeyServer) -> Dict:
try:
return await self.get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(
keys_to_fetch, key_server
)
except KeyLookupError as e:
logger.warning(
"Key lookup failed from %r: %s", key_server.server_name, e
)
except Exception as e:
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logger.exception(
"Unable to get key from %r: %s %s",
key_server.server_name,
type(e).__name__,
str(e),
)
return {}
results = await make_deferred_yieldable(
defer.gatherResults(
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[run_in_background(get_key, server) for server in self.key_servers],
consumeErrors=True,
).addErrback(unwrapFirstError)
)
union_of_keys: Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]] = {}
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for result in results:
for server_name, keys in result.items():
union_of_keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(keys)
return union_of_keys
async def get_server_verify_key_v2_indirect(
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self, keys_to_fetch: List[_FetchKeyRequest], key_server: TrustedKeyServer
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]:
"""
Args:
keys_to_fetch:
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the keys to be fetched.
key_server: notary server to query for the keys
Returns:
Map from server_name -> key_id -> FetchKeyResult
Raises:
KeyLookupError if there was an error processing the entire response from
the server
"""
perspective_name = key_server.server_name
logger.info(
"Requesting keys %s from notary server %s",
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keys_to_fetch,
perspective_name,
)
try:
query_response = await self.client.post_json(
destination=perspective_name,
path="/_matrix/key/v2/query",
data={
"server_keys": {
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queue_value.server_name: {
key_id: {
"minimum_valid_until_ts": queue_value.minimum_valid_until_ts,
}
for key_id in queue_value.key_ids
}
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for queue_value in keys_to_fetch
}
},
)
except (NotRetryingDestination, RequestSendFailed) as e:
# these both have str() representations which we can't really improve upon
raise KeyLookupError(str(e))
except HttpResponseException as e:
raise KeyLookupError("Remote server returned an error: %s" % (e,))
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keys: Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]] = {}
added_keys: List[Tuple[str, str, FetchKeyResult]] = []
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time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
assert isinstance(query_response, dict)
for response in query_response["server_keys"]:
# do this first, so that we can give useful errors thereafter
server_name = response.get("server_name")
if not isinstance(server_name, str):
raise KeyLookupError(
"Malformed response from key notary server %s: invalid server_name"
% (perspective_name,)
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)
try:
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self._validate_perspectives_response(key_server, response)
processed_response = await self.process_v2_response(
perspective_name, response, time_added_ms=time_now_ms
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)
except KeyLookupError as e:
logger.warning(
"Error processing response from key notary server %s for origin "
"server %s: %s",
perspective_name,
server_name,
e,
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)
# we continue to process the rest of the response
continue
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added_keys.extend(
(server_name, key_id, key) for key_id, key in processed_response.items()
)
keys.setdefault(server_name, {}).update(processed_response)
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await self.store.store_server_verify_keys(
perspective_name, time_now_ms, added_keys
)
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return keys
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def _validate_perspectives_response(
self, key_server: TrustedKeyServer, response: JsonDict
) -> None:
"""Optionally check the signature on the result of a /key/query request
Args:
key_server: the notary server that produced this result
response: the json-decoded Server Keys response object
"""
perspective_name = key_server.server_name
perspective_keys = key_server.verify_keys
if perspective_keys is None:
# signature checking is disabled on this server
return
if (
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"signatures" not in response
or perspective_name not in response["signatures"]
):
raise KeyLookupError("Response not signed by the notary server")
verified = False
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for key_id in response["signatures"][perspective_name]:
if key_id in perspective_keys:
verify_signed_json(response, perspective_name, perspective_keys[key_id])
verified = True
if not verified:
raise KeyLookupError(
"Response not signed with a known key: signed with: %r, known keys: %r"
% (
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list(response["signatures"][perspective_name].keys()),
list(perspective_keys.keys()),
)
)
class ServerKeyFetcher(BaseV2KeyFetcher):
"""KeyFetcher impl which fetches keys from the origin servers"""
def __init__(self, hs: "HomeServer"):
super().__init__(hs)
self.clock = hs.get_clock()
self.client = hs.get_federation_http_client()
async def get_keys(
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self, server_name: str, key_ids: List[str], minimum_valid_until_ts: int
) -> Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]:
results = await self._queue.add_to_queue(
_FetchKeyRequest(
server_name=server_name,
key_ids=key_ids,
minimum_valid_until_ts=minimum_valid_until_ts,
),
key=server_name,
)
return results.get(server_name, {})
async def _fetch_keys(
self, keys_to_fetch: List[_FetchKeyRequest]
) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]]:
"""
Args:
keys_to_fetch:
the keys to be fetched. server_name -> key_ids
Returns:
Map from server_name -> key_id -> FetchKeyResult
"""
results = {}
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async def get_key(key_to_fetch_item: _FetchKeyRequest) -> None:
server_name = key_to_fetch_item.server_name
key_ids = key_to_fetch_item.key_ids
try:
keys = await self.get_server_verify_key_v2_direct(server_name, key_ids)
results[server_name] = keys
except KeyLookupError as e:
logger.warning(
"Error looking up keys %s from %s: %s", key_ids, server_name, e
)
except Exception:
logger.exception("Error getting keys %s from %s", key_ids, server_name)
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await yieldable_gather_results(get_key, keys_to_fetch)
return results
async def get_server_verify_key_v2_direct(
self, server_name: str, key_ids: Iterable[str]
) -> Dict[str, FetchKeyResult]:
"""
Args:
server_name:
key_ids:
Returns:
Map from key ID to lookup result
Raises:
KeyLookupError if there was a problem making the lookup
"""
keys: Dict[str, FetchKeyResult] = {}
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for requested_key_id in key_ids:
# we may have found this key as a side-effect of asking for another.
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if requested_key_id in keys:
continue
time_now_ms = self.clock.time_msec()
try:
response = await self.client.get_json(
destination=server_name,
path="/_matrix/key/v2/server/"
+ urllib.parse.quote(requested_key_id),
ignore_backoff=True,
# we only give the remote server 10s to respond. It should be an
# easy request to handle, so if it doesn't reply within 10s, it's
# probably not going to.
#
# Furthermore, when we are acting as a notary server, we cannot
# wait all day for all of the origin servers, as the requesting
# server will otherwise time out before we can respond.
#
# (Note that get_json may make 4 attempts, so this can still take
# almost 45 seconds to fetch the headers, plus up to another 60s to
# read the response).
timeout=10000,
)
except (NotRetryingDestination, RequestSendFailed) as e:
# these both have str() representations which we can't really improve
# upon
raise KeyLookupError(str(e))
except HttpResponseException as e:
raise KeyLookupError("Remote server returned an error: %s" % (e,))
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assert isinstance(response, dict)
if response["server_name"] != server_name:
raise KeyLookupError(
"Expected a response for server %r not %r"
% (server_name, response["server_name"])
)
response_keys = await self.process_v2_response(
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from_server=server_name,
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response_json=response,
time_added_ms=time_now_ms,
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)
await self.store.store_server_verify_keys(
server_name,
time_now_ms,
((server_name, key_id, key) for key_id, key in response_keys.items()),
)
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keys.update(response_keys)
return keys