Add rust linting commands to `scripts-dev/lint.sh` (#14822)

changelog.d/14822.misc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add `cargo fmt` and `cargo clippy` to the lint script.

scripts-dev/lint.sh

@@ -101,10 +101,43 @@ echo
 # Print out the commands being run
 set -x
 
+# Ensure the sort order of imports.
 isort "${files[@]}"
+
+# Ensure Python code conforms to an opinionated style.
 python3 -m black "${files[@]}"
+
+# Ensure the sample configuration file conforms to style checks.
 ./scripts-dev/config-lint.sh
+
+# Catch any common programming mistakes in Python code.
 # --quiet suppresses the update check.
 ruff --quiet "${files[@]}"
+
+# Catch any common programming mistakes in Rust code.
+#
+# --bins, --examples, --lib, --tests combined explicitly disable checking
+# the benchmarks, which can fail due to `#![feature]` macros not being
+# allowed on the stable rust toolchain (rustc error E0554).
+#
+# --allow-staged and --allow-dirty suppress clippy raising errors
+# for uncommitted files. Only needed when using --fix.
+#
+# -D warnings disables the "warnings" lint.
+#
+# Using --fix has a tendency to cause subsequent runs of clippy to recompile
+# rust code, which can slow down this script. Thus we run clippy without --fix
+# first which is quick, and then re-run it with --fix if an error was found.
+if ! cargo-clippy --bins --examples --lib --tests -- -D warnings > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+  cargo-clippy \
+    --bins --examples --lib --tests --allow-staged --allow-dirty --fix -- -D warnings
+fi
+
+# Ensure the formatting of Rust code.
+cargo-fmt
+
+# Ensure all Pydantic models use strict types.
 ./scripts-dev/check_pydantic_models.py lint
+
+# Ensure type hints are correct.
 mypy