# Installation Instructions ## Choosing your server name It is important to choose the name for your server before you install Synapse, because it cannot be changed later. The server name determines the "domain" part of user-ids for users on your server: these will all be of the format `@user:my.domain.name`. It also determines how other matrix servers will reach yours for federation. For a test configuration, set this to the hostname of your server. For a more production-ready setup, you will probably want to specify your domain (`example.com`) rather than a matrix-specific hostname here (in the same way that your email address is probably `user@example.com` rather than `user@email.example.com`) - but doing so may require more advanced setup: see [Setting up Federation](../federate.md). ## Installing Synapse ### Prebuilt packages Prebuilt packages are available for a number of platforms. These are recommended for most users. #### Docker images and Ansible playbooks There is an official synapse image available at which can be used with the docker-compose file available at [contrib/docker](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/tree/develop/contrib/docker). Further information on this including configuration options is available in the README on hub.docker.com. Alternatively, Andreas Peters (previously Silvio Fricke) has contributed a Dockerfile to automate a synapse server in a single Docker image, at Slavi Pantaleev has created an Ansible playbook, which installs the offical Docker image of Matrix Synapse along with many other Matrix-related services (Postgres database, Element, coturn, ma1sd, SSL support, etc.). For more details, see #### Debian/Ubuntu ##### Matrix.org packages Matrix.org provides Debian/Ubuntu packages of Synapse, for the amd64 architecture via . To install the latest release: ```sh sudo apt install -y lsb-release wget apt-transport-https sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list sudo apt update sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3 ``` Packages are also published for release candidates. To enable the prerelease channel, add `prerelease` to the `sources.list` line. For example: ```sh sudo wget -O /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.matrix.org/debian/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.matrix.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -cs) main prerelease" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/matrix-org.list sudo apt update sudo apt install matrix-synapse-py3 ``` The fingerprint of the repository signing key (as shown by `gpg /usr/share/keyrings/matrix-org-archive-keyring.gpg`) is `AAF9AE843A7584B5A3E4CD2BCF45A512DE2DA058`. When installing with Debian packages, you might prefer to place files in `/etc/matrix-synapse/conf.d/` to override your configuration without editing the main configuration file at `/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml`. By doing that, you won't be asked if you want to replace your configuration file when you upgrade the Debian package to a later version. ##### Downstream Debian packages Andrej Shadura maintains a [`matrix-synapse`](https://packages.debian.org/sid/matrix-synapse) package in the Debian repositories. For `bookworm` and `sid`, it can be installed simply with: ```sh sudo apt install matrix-synapse ``` Synapse is also avaliable in `bullseye-backports`. Please see the [Debian documentation](https://backports.debian.org/Instructions/) for information on how to use backports. `matrix-synapse` is no longer maintained for `buster` and older. ##### Downstream Ubuntu packages We do not recommend using the packages in the default Ubuntu repository at this time, as they are [old and suffer from known security vulnerabilities]( https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/matrix-synapse/+bug/1848709 ). The latest version of Synapse can be installed from [our repository](#matrixorg-packages). #### Fedora Synapse is in the Fedora repositories as [`matrix-synapse`](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/matrix-synapse): ```sh sudo dnf install matrix-synapse ``` Additionally, Oleg Girko provides Fedora RPMs at #### OpenSUSE Synapse is in the OpenSUSE repositories as [`matrix-synapse`](https://software.opensuse.org/package/matrix-synapse): ```sh sudo zypper install matrix-synapse ``` #### SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Unofficial package are built for SLES 15 in the openSUSE:Backports:SLE-15 repository at #### ArchLinux The quickest way to get up and running with ArchLinux is probably with the community package , which should pull in most of the necessary dependencies. pip may be outdated (6.0.7-1 and needs to be upgraded to 6.0.8-1 ): ```sh sudo pip install --upgrade pip ``` If you encounter an error with lib bcrypt causing an Wrong ELF Class: ELFCLASS32 (x64 Systems), you may need to reinstall py-bcrypt to correctly compile it under the right architecture. (This should not be needed if installing under virtualenv): ```sh sudo pip uninstall py-bcrypt sudo pip install py-bcrypt ``` #### Void Linux Synapse can be found in the void repositories as ['synapse'](https://github.com/void-linux/void-packages/tree/master/srcpkgs/synapse): ```sh xbps-install -Su xbps-install -S synapse ``` #### FreeBSD Synapse can be installed via FreeBSD Ports or Packages contributed by Brendan Molloy from: - Ports: `cd /usr/ports/net-im/py-matrix-synapse && make install clean` - Packages: `pkg install py38-matrix-synapse` #### OpenBSD As of OpenBSD 6.7 Synapse is available as a pre-compiled binary. The filesystem underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to `/var/synapse`) has to be mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`), so creating a separate filesystem and mounting it to `/var/synapse` should be taken into consideration. Installing Synapse: ```sh doas pkg_add synapse ``` #### NixOS Robin Lambertz has packaged Synapse for NixOS at: ### Installing as a Python module from PyPI It's also possible to install Synapse as a Python module from PyPI. When following this route please make sure that the [Platform-specific prerequisites](#platform-specific-prerequisites) are already installed. System requirements: - POSIX-compliant system (tested on Linux & OS X) - Python 3.7 or later, up to Python 3.11. - At least 1GB of free RAM if you want to join large public rooms like #matrix:matrix.org If building on an uncommon architecture for which pre-built wheels are unavailable, you will need to have a recent Rust compiler installed. The easiest way of installing the latest version is to use [rustup](https://rustup.rs/). To install the Synapse homeserver run: ```sh mkdir -p ~/synapse virtualenv -p python3 ~/synapse/env source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate pip install --upgrade pip pip install --upgrade setuptools pip install matrix-synapse ``` This will download Synapse from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/matrix-synapse) and install it, along with the python libraries it uses, into a virtual environment under `~/synapse/env`. Feel free to pick a different directory if you prefer. This Synapse installation can then be later upgraded by using pip again with the update flag: ```sh source ~/synapse/env/bin/activate pip install -U matrix-synapse ``` Before you can start Synapse, you will need to generate a configuration file. To do this, run (in your virtualenv, as before): ```sh cd ~/synapse python -m synapse.app.homeserver \ --server-name my.domain.name \ --config-path homeserver.yaml \ --generate-config \ --report-stats=[yes|no] ``` ... substituting an appropriate value for `--server-name` and choosing whether or not to report usage statistics (hostname, Synapse version, uptime, total users, etc.) to the developers via the `--report-stats` argument. This command will generate you a config file that you can then customise, but it will also generate a set of keys for you. These keys will allow your homeserver to identify itself to other homeserver, so don't lose or delete them. It would be wise to back them up somewhere safe. (If, for whatever reason, you do need to change your homeserver's keys, you may find that other homeserver have the old key cached. If you update the signing key, you should change the name of the key in the `.signing.key` file (the second word) to something different. See the [spec](https://matrix.org/docs/spec/server_server/latest.html#retrieving-server-keys) for more information on key management). To actually run your new homeserver, pick a working directory for Synapse to run (e.g. `~/synapse`), and: ```sh cd ~/synapse source env/bin/activate synctl start ``` #### Platform-specific prerequisites Synapse is written in Python but some of the libraries it uses are written in C. So before we can install Synapse itself we need a working C compiler and the header files for Python C extensions. ##### Debian/Ubuntu/Raspbian Installing prerequisites on Ubuntu or Debian: ```sh sudo apt install build-essential python3-dev libffi-dev \ python3-pip python3-setuptools sqlite3 \ libssl-dev virtualenv libjpeg-dev libxslt1-dev libicu-dev \ libwebp-dev ``` ##### ArchLinux Installing prerequisites on ArchLinux: ```sh sudo pacman -S base-devel python python-pip \ python-setuptools python-virtualenv sqlite3 icu libwebp ``` ##### CentOS/Fedora Installing prerequisites on CentOS or Fedora Linux: ```sh sudo dnf install libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libzip-devel freetype-devel \ libwebp-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel libpq-devel \ python3-virtualenv libffi-devel openssl-devel python3-devel \ libicu-devel libwebp-devel sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" ``` ##### macOS Installing prerequisites on macOS: You may need to install the latest Xcode developer tools: ```sh xcode-select --install ``` Some extra dependencies may be needed. You can use Homebrew (https://brew.sh) for them. You may need to install icu, and make the icu binaries and libraries accessible. Please follow [the official instructions of PyICU](https://pypi.org/project/PyICU/) to do so. On ARM-based Macs you may also need to install libjpeg and libpq: ```sh brew install jpeg libpq webp ``` On macOS Catalina (10.15) you may need to explicitly install OpenSSL via brew and inform `pip` about it so that `psycopg2` builds: ```sh brew install openssl@1.1 export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib" export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include" ``` ##### OpenSUSE Installing prerequisites on openSUSE: ```sh sudo zypper in -t pattern devel_basis sudo zypper in python-pip python-setuptools sqlite3 python-virtualenv \ python-devel libffi-devel libopenssl-devel libjpeg62-devel \ libicu-devel libwebp-devel ``` ##### OpenBSD A port of Synapse is available under `net/synapse`. The filesystem underlying the homeserver directory (defaults to `/var/synapse`) has to be mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`), so creating a separate filesystem and mounting it to `/var/synapse` should be taken into consideration. To be able to build Synapse's dependency on python the `WRKOBJDIR` (cf. `bsd.port.mk(5)`) for building python, too, needs to be on a filesystem mounted with `wxallowed` (cf. `mount(8)`). Creating a `WRKOBJDIR` for building python under `/usr/local` (which on a default OpenBSD installation is mounted with `wxallowed`): ```sh doas mkdir /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed ``` Assuming `PORTS_PRIVSEP=Yes` (cf. `bsd.port.mk(5)`) and `SUDO=doas` are configured in `/etc/mk.conf`: ```sh doas chown _pbuild:_pbuild /usr/local/pobj_wxallowed ``` Setting the `WRKOBJDIR` for building python: ```sh echo WRKOBJDIR_lang/python/3.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed \\nWRKOBJDIR_lang/python/2.7=/usr/local/pobj_wxallowed >> /etc/mk.conf ``` Building Synapse: ```sh cd /usr/ports/net/synapse make install ``` ##### Windows Running Synapse natively on Windows is not officially supported. If you wish to run or develop Synapse on Windows, the Windows Subsystem for Linux provides a Linux environment which is capable of using the Debian, Fedora, or source installation methods. More information about WSL can be found at for Windows 10/11 and for Windows Server. ## Setting up Synapse Once you have installed synapse as above, you will need to configure it. ### Using PostgreSQL By default Synapse uses an [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/) database and in doing so trades performance for convenience. Almost all installations should opt to use [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) instead. Advantages include: - significant performance improvements due to the superior threading and caching model, smarter query optimiser - allowing the DB to be run on separate hardware For information on how to install and use PostgreSQL in Synapse, please see [Using Postgres](../postgres.md) SQLite is only acceptable for testing purposes. SQLite should not be used in a production server. Synapse will perform poorly when using SQLite, especially when participating in large rooms. ### TLS certificates The default configuration exposes a single HTTP port on the local interface: `http://localhost:8008`. It is suitable for local testing, but for any practical use, you will need Synapse's APIs to be served over HTTPS. The recommended way to do so is to set up a reverse proxy on port `8448`. You can find documentation on doing so in [the reverse proxy documentation](../reverse_proxy.md). Alternatively, you can configure Synapse to expose an HTTPS port. To do so, you will need to edit `homeserver.yaml`, as follows: - First, under the `listeners` option, add the configuration for the TLS-enabled listener like so: ```yaml listeners: - port: 8448 type: http tls: true resources: - names: [client, federation] ``` - You will also need to add the options `tls_certificate_path` and `tls_private_key_path`. to your configuration file. You will need to manage provisioning of these certificates yourself. - You can find more information about these options as well as how to configure synapse in the [configuration manual](../usage/configuration/config_documentation.md). If you are using your own certificate, be sure to use a `.pem` file that includes the full certificate chain including any intermediate certificates (for instance, if using certbot, use `fullchain.pem` as your certificate, not `cert.pem`). For a more detailed guide to configuring your server for federation, see [Federation](../federate.md). ### Client Well-Known URI Setting up the client Well-Known URI is optional but if you set it up, it will allow users to enter their full username (e.g. `@user:`) into clients which support well-known lookup to automatically configure the homeserver and identity server URLs. This is useful so that users don't have to memorize or think about the actual homeserver URL you are using. The URL `https:///.well-known/matrix/client` should return JSON in the following format. ```json { "m.homeserver": { "base_url": "https://" } } ``` It can optionally contain identity server information as well. ```json { "m.homeserver": { "base_url": "https://" }, "m.identity_server": { "base_url": "https://" } } ``` To work in browser based clients, the file must be served with the appropriate Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) headers. A recommended value would be `Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *` which would allow all browser based clients to view it. In nginx this would be something like: ```nginx location /.well-known/matrix/client { return 200 '{"m.homeserver": {"base_url": "https://"}}'; default_type application/json; add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; } ``` You should also ensure the `public_baseurl` option in `homeserver.yaml` is set correctly. `public_baseurl` should be set to the URL that clients will use to connect to your server. This is the same URL you put for the `m.homeserver` `base_url` above. ```yaml public_baseurl: "https://" ``` ### Email It is desirable for Synapse to have the capability to send email. This allows Synapse to send password reset emails, send verifications when an email address is added to a user's account, and send email notifications to users when they receive new messages. To configure an SMTP server for Synapse, modify the configuration section headed `email`, and be sure to have at least the `smtp_host`, `smtp_port` and `notif_from` fields filled out. You may also need to set `smtp_user`, `smtp_pass`, and `require_transport_security`. If email is not configured, password reset, registration and notifications via email will be disabled. ### Registering a user One way to create a new user is to do so from a client like [Element](https://element.io/). This requires registration to be enabled via the [`enable_registration`](../usage/configuration/config_documentation.md#enable_registration) setting. Alternatively, you can create new users from the command line. This can be done as follows: 1. If synapse was installed via pip, activate the virtualenv as follows (if Synapse was installed via a prebuilt package, `register_new_matrix_user` should already be on the search path): ```sh cd ~/synapse source env/bin/activate synctl start # if not already running ``` 2. Run the following command: ```sh register_new_matrix_user -c homeserver.yaml ``` This will prompt you to add details for the new user, and will then connect to the running Synapse to create the new user. For example: ``` New user localpart: erikj Password: Confirm password: Make admin [no]: Success! ``` This process uses a setting [`registration_shared_secret`](../usage/configuration/config_documentation.md#registration_shared_secret), which is shared between Synapse itself and the `register_new_matrix_user` script. It doesn't matter what it is (a random value is generated by `--generate-config`), but it should be kept secret, as anyone with knowledge of it can register users, including admin accounts, on your server even if `enable_registration` is `false`. ### Setting up a TURN server For reliable VoIP calls to be routed via this homeserver, you MUST configure a TURN server. See [TURN setup](../turn-howto.md) for details. ### URL previews Synapse includes support for previewing URLs, which is disabled by default. To turn it on you must enable the `url_preview_enabled: True` config parameter and explicitly specify the IP ranges that Synapse is not allowed to spider for previewing in the `url_preview_ip_range_blacklist` configuration parameter. This is critical from a security perspective to stop arbitrary Matrix users spidering 'internal' URLs on your network. At the very least we recommend that your loopback and RFC1918 IP addresses are blacklisted. This also requires the optional `lxml` python dependency to be installed. This in turn requires the `libxml2` library to be available - on Debian/Ubuntu this means `apt-get install libxml2-dev`, or equivalent for your OS. ### Troubleshooting Installation `pip` seems to leak *lots* of memory during installation. For instance, a Linux host with 512MB of RAM may run out of memory whilst installing Twisted. If this happens, you will have to individually install the dependencies which are failing, e.g.: ```sh pip install twisted ``` If you have any other problems, feel free to ask in [#synapse:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#synapse:matrix.org).