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<h1 id="structured-logging"><a class="header" href="#structured-logging">Structured Logging</a></h1>
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<p>A structured logging system can be useful when your logs are destined for a
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machine to parse and process. By maintaining its machine-readable characteristics,
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it enables more efficient searching and aggregations when consumed by software
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such as the "ELK stack".</p>
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<p>Synapse's structured logging system is configured via the file that Synapse's
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<code>log_config</code> config option points to. The file should include a formatter which
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uses the <code>synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter</code> class included with Synapse and a
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handler which uses the above formatter.</p>
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<p>There is also a <code>synapse.logging.JsonFormatter</code> option which does not include
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a timestamp in the resulting JSON. This is useful if the log ingester adds its
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own timestamp.</p>
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<p>A structured logging configuration looks similar to the following:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-yaml">version: 1
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formatters:
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structured:
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class: synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter
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handlers:
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file:
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class: logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
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formatter: structured
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filename: /path/to/my/logs/homeserver.log
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when: midnight
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backupCount: 3 # Does not include the current log file.
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encoding: utf8
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loggers:
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synapse:
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level: INFO
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handlers: [remote]
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synapse.storage.SQL:
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level: WARNING
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</code></pre>
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<p>The above logging config will set Synapse as 'INFO' logging level by default,
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with the SQL layer at 'WARNING', and will log to a file, stored as JSON.</p>
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<p>It is also possible to figure Synapse to log to a remote endpoint by using the
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<code>synapse.logging.RemoteHandler</code> class included with Synapse. It takes the
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following arguments:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>host</code>: Hostname or IP address of the log aggregator.</li>
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<li><code>port</code>: Numerical port to contact on the host.</li>
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<li><code>maximum_buffer</code>: (Optional, defaults to 1000) The maximum buffer size to allow.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>A remote structured logging configuration looks similar to the following:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-yaml">version: 1
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formatters:
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structured:
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class: synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter
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handlers:
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remote:
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class: synapse.logging.RemoteHandler
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formatter: structured
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host: 10.1.2.3
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port: 9999
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loggers:
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synapse:
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level: INFO
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handlers: [remote]
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synapse.storage.SQL:
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level: WARNING
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</code></pre>
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<p>The above logging config will set Synapse as 'INFO' logging level by default,
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with the SQL layer at 'WARNING', and will log JSON formatted messages to a
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remote endpoint at 10.1.2.3:9999.</p>
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<h2 id="upgrading-from-legacy-structured-logging-configuration"><a class="header" href="#upgrading-from-legacy-structured-logging-configuration">Upgrading from legacy structured logging configuration</a></h2>
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<p>Versions of Synapse prior to v1.23.0 included a custom structured logging
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configuration which is deprecated. It used a <code>structured: true</code> flag and
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configured <code>drains</code> instead of <code>handlers</code> and <code>formatters</code>.</p>
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<p>Synapse currently automatically converts the old configuration to the new
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configuration, but this will be removed in a future version of Synapse. The
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following reference can be used to update your configuration. Based on the drain
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<code>type</code>, we can pick a new handler:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>For a type of <code>console</code>, <code>console_json</code>, or <code>console_json_terse</code>: a handler
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with a class of <code>logging.StreamHandler</code> and a <code>stream</code> of <code>ext://sys.stdout</code>
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or <code>ext://sys.stderr</code> should be used.</li>
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<li>For a type of <code>file</code> or <code>file_json</code>: a handler of <code>logging.FileHandler</code> with
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a location of the file path should be used.</li>
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<li>For a type of <code>network_json_terse</code>: a handler of <code>synapse.logging.RemoteHandler</code>
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with the host and port should be used.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>Then based on the drain <code>type</code> we can pick a new formatter:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>For a type of <code>console</code> or <code>file</code> no formatter is necessary.</li>
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<li>For a type of <code>console_json</code> or <code>file_json</code>: a formatter of
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<code>synapse.logging.JsonFormatter</code> should be used.</li>
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<li>For a type of <code>console_json_terse</code> or <code>network_json_terse</code>: a formatter of
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<code>synapse.logging.TerseJsonFormatter</code> should be used.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>For each new handler and formatter they should be added to the logging configuration
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and then assigned to either a logger or the root logger.</p>
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<p>An example legacy configuration:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-yaml">structured: true
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loggers:
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synapse:
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level: INFO
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synapse.storage.SQL:
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level: WARNING
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drains:
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console:
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type: console
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location: stdout
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file:
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type: file_json
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location: homeserver.log
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</code></pre>
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<p>Would be converted into a new configuration:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-yaml">version: 1
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formatters:
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json:
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class: synapse.logging.JsonFormatter
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handlers:
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console:
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class: logging.StreamHandler
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location: ext://sys.stdout
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file:
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class: logging.FileHandler
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formatter: json
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filename: homeserver.log
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loggers:
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synapse:
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level: INFO
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handlers: [console, file]
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synapse.storage.SQL:
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level: WARNING
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</code></pre>
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<p>The new logging configuration is a bit more verbose, but significantly more
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flexible. It allows for configuration that were not previously possible, such as
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sending plain logs over the network, or using different handlers for different
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modules.</p>
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