MatrixSynapse/synapse/logging/_structured.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import logging
import os.path
import sys
import typing
import warnings
from typing import List

import attr
from constantly import NamedConstant, Names, ValueConstant, Values
from zope.interface import implementer

from twisted.logger import (
    FileLogObserver,
    FilteringLogObserver,
    ILogObserver,
    LogBeginner,
    Logger,
    LogLevel,
    LogLevelFilterPredicate,
    LogPublisher,
    eventAsText,
    jsonFileLogObserver,
)

from synapse.config._base import ConfigError
from synapse.logging._terse_json import (
    TerseJSONToConsoleLogObserver,
    TerseJSONToTCPLogObserver,
)
from synapse.logging.context import current_context


def stdlib_log_level_to_twisted(level: str) -> LogLevel:
    """
    Convert a stdlib log level to Twisted's log level.
    """
    lvl = level.lower().replace("warning", "warn")
    return LogLevel.levelWithName(lvl)


@attr.s
@implementer(ILogObserver)
class LogContextObserver(object):
    """
    An ILogObserver which adds Synapse-specific log context information.

    Attributes:
        observer (ILogObserver): The target parent observer.
    """

    observer = attr.ib()

    def __call__(self, event: dict) -> None:
        """
        Consume a log event and emit it to the parent observer after filtering
        and adding log context information.

        Args:
            event (dict)
        """
        # Filter out some useless events that Twisted outputs
        if "log_text" in event:
            if event["log_text"].startswith("DNSDatagramProtocol starting on "):
                return

            if event["log_text"].startswith("(UDP Port "):
                return

            if event["log_text"].startswith("Timing out client") or event[
                "log_format"
            ].startswith("Timing out client"):
                return

        context = current_context()

        # Copy the context information to the log event.
        if context is not None:
            context.copy_to_twisted_log_entry(event)
        else:
            # If there's no logging context, not even the root one, we might be
            # starting up or it might be from non-Synapse code. Log it as if it
            # came from the root logger.
            event["request"] = None
            event["scope"] = None

        self.observer(event)


class PythonStdlibToTwistedLogger(logging.Handler):
    """
    Transform a Python stdlib log message into a Twisted one.
    """

    def __init__(self, observer, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Args:
            observer (ILogObserver): A Twisted logging observer.
            *args, **kwargs: Args/kwargs to be passed to logging.Handler.
        """
        self.observer = observer
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
        """
        Emit a record to Twisted's observer.

        Args:
            record (logging.LogRecord)
        """

        self.observer(
            {
                "log_time": record.created,
                "log_text": record.getMessage(),
                "log_format": "{log_text}",
                "log_namespace": record.name,
                "log_level": stdlib_log_level_to_twisted(record.levelname),
            }
        )


def SynapseFileLogObserver(outFile: typing.IO[str]) -> FileLogObserver:
    """
    A log observer that formats events like the traditional log formatter and
    sends them to `outFile`.

    Args:
        outFile (file object): The file object to write to.
    """

    def formatEvent(_event: dict) -> str:
        event = dict(_event)
        event["log_level"] = event["log_level"].name.upper()
        event["log_format"] = "- {log_namespace} - {log_level} - {request} - " + (
            event.get("log_format", "{log_text}") or "{log_text}"
        )
        return eventAsText(event, includeSystem=False) + "\n"

    return FileLogObserver(outFile, formatEvent)


class DrainType(Names):
    CONSOLE = NamedConstant()
    CONSOLE_JSON = NamedConstant()
    CONSOLE_JSON_TERSE = NamedConstant()
    FILE = NamedConstant()
    FILE_JSON = NamedConstant()
    NETWORK_JSON_TERSE = NamedConstant()


class OutputPipeType(Values):
    stdout = ValueConstant(sys.__stdout__)
    stderr = ValueConstant(sys.__stderr__)


@attr.s
class DrainConfiguration(object):
    name = attr.ib()
    type = attr.ib()
    location = attr.ib()
    options = attr.ib(default=None)


@attr.s
class NetworkJSONTerseOptions(object):
    maximum_buffer = attr.ib(type=int)


DEFAULT_LOGGERS = {"synapse": {"level": "INFO"}}


def parse_drain_configs(
    drains: dict,
) -> typing.Generator[DrainConfiguration, None, None]:
    """
    Parse the drain configurations.

    Args:
        drains (dict): A list of drain configurations.

    Yields:
        DrainConfiguration instances.

    Raises:
        ConfigError: If any of the drain configuration items are invalid.
    """
    for name, config in drains.items():
        if "type" not in config:
            raise ConfigError("Logging drains require a 'type' key.")

        try:
            logging_type = DrainType.lookupByName(config["type"].upper())
        except ValueError:
            raise ConfigError(
                "%s is not a known logging drain type." % (config["type"],)
            )

        if logging_type in [
            DrainType.CONSOLE,
            DrainType.CONSOLE_JSON,
            DrainType.CONSOLE_JSON_TERSE,
        ]:
            location = config.get("location")
            if location is None or location not in ["stdout", "stderr"]:
                raise ConfigError(
                    (
                        "The %s drain needs the 'location' key set to "
                        "either 'stdout' or 'stderr'."
                    )
                    % (logging_type,)
                )

            pipe = OutputPipeType.lookupByName(location).value

            yield DrainConfiguration(name=name, type=logging_type, location=pipe)

        elif logging_type in [DrainType.FILE, DrainType.FILE_JSON]:
            if "location" not in config:
                raise ConfigError(
                    "The %s drain needs the 'location' key set." % (logging_type,)
                )

            location = config.get("location")
            if os.path.abspath(location) != location:
                raise ConfigError(
                    "File paths need to be absolute, '%s' is a relative path"
                    % (location,)
                )
            yield DrainConfiguration(name=name, type=logging_type, location=location)

        elif logging_type in [DrainType.NETWORK_JSON_TERSE]:
            host = config.get("host")
            port = config.get("port")
            maximum_buffer = config.get("maximum_buffer", 1000)
            yield DrainConfiguration(
                name=name,
                type=logging_type,
                location=(host, port),
                options=NetworkJSONTerseOptions(maximum_buffer=maximum_buffer),
            )

        else:
            raise ConfigError(
                "The %s drain type is currently not implemented."
                % (config["type"].upper(),)
            )


class StoppableLogPublisher(LogPublisher):
    """
    A log publisher that can tell its observers to shut down any external
    communications.
    """

    def stop(self):
        for obs in self._observers:
            if hasattr(obs, "stop"):
                obs.stop()


def setup_structured_logging(
    hs,
    config,
    log_config: dict,
    logBeginner: LogBeginner,
    redirect_stdlib_logging: bool = True,
) -> LogPublisher:
    """
    Set up Twisted's structured logging system.

    Args:
        hs: The homeserver to use.
        config (HomeserverConfig): The configuration of the Synapse homeserver.
        log_config (dict): The log configuration to use.
    """
    if config.no_redirect_stdio:
        raise ConfigError(
            "no_redirect_stdio cannot be defined using structured logging."
        )

    logger = Logger()

    if "drains" not in log_config:
        raise ConfigError("The logging configuration requires a list of drains.")

    observers = []  # type: List[ILogObserver]

    for observer in parse_drain_configs(log_config["drains"]):
        # Pipe drains
        if observer.type == DrainType.CONSOLE:
            logger.debug(
                "Starting up the {name} console logger drain", name=observer.name
            )
            observers.append(SynapseFileLogObserver(observer.location))
        elif observer.type == DrainType.CONSOLE_JSON:
            logger.debug(
                "Starting up the {name} JSON console logger drain", name=observer.name
            )
            observers.append(jsonFileLogObserver(observer.location))
        elif observer.type == DrainType.CONSOLE_JSON_TERSE:
            logger.debug(
                "Starting up the {name} terse JSON console logger drain",
                name=observer.name,
            )
            observers.append(
                TerseJSONToConsoleLogObserver(observer.location, metadata={})
            )

        # File drains
        elif observer.type == DrainType.FILE:
            logger.debug("Starting up the {name} file logger drain", name=observer.name)
            log_file = open(observer.location, "at", buffering=1, encoding="utf8")
            observers.append(SynapseFileLogObserver(log_file))
        elif observer.type == DrainType.FILE_JSON:
            logger.debug(
                "Starting up the {name} JSON file logger drain", name=observer.name
            )
            log_file = open(observer.location, "at", buffering=1, encoding="utf8")
            observers.append(jsonFileLogObserver(log_file))

        elif observer.type == DrainType.NETWORK_JSON_TERSE:
            metadata = {"server_name": hs.config.server_name}
            log_observer = TerseJSONToTCPLogObserver(
                hs=hs,
                host=observer.location[0],
                port=observer.location[1],
                metadata=metadata,
                maximum_buffer=observer.options.maximum_buffer,
            )
            log_observer.start()
            observers.append(log_observer)
        else:
            # We should never get here, but, just in case, throw an error.
            raise ConfigError("%s drain type cannot be configured" % (observer.type,))

    publisher = StoppableLogPublisher(*observers)
    log_filter = LogLevelFilterPredicate()

    for namespace, namespace_config in log_config.get(
        "loggers", DEFAULT_LOGGERS
    ).items():
        # Set the log level for twisted.logger.Logger namespaces
        log_filter.setLogLevelForNamespace(
            namespace,
            stdlib_log_level_to_twisted(namespace_config.get("level", "INFO")),
        )

        # Also set the log levels for the stdlib logger namespaces, to prevent
        # them getting to PythonStdlibToTwistedLogger and having to be formatted
        if "level" in namespace_config:
            logging.getLogger(namespace).setLevel(namespace_config.get("level"))

    f = FilteringLogObserver(publisher, [log_filter])
    lco = LogContextObserver(f)

    if redirect_stdlib_logging:
        stuff_into_twisted = PythonStdlibToTwistedLogger(lco)
        stdliblogger = logging.getLogger()
        stdliblogger.addHandler(stuff_into_twisted)

    # Always redirect standard I/O, otherwise other logging outputs might miss
    # it.
    logBeginner.beginLoggingTo([lco], redirectStandardIO=True)

    return publisher


def reload_structured_logging(*args, log_config=None) -> None:
    warnings.warn(
        "Currently the structured logging system can not be reloaded, doing nothing"
    )