From e288f61f0a9abd0ce2652ef4c43b8c9e53e84b3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: SuperKenVery <39673849+SuperKenVery@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 5 Jul 2024 02:08:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Prevent Element appearing in system media controls  (#10995)

* Use WebAudio API to play notification sound

So that it won't appear in system media control.

* Run prettier

* Chosse from mp3 and ogg

* Run prettier

* Use WebAudioAPI everywhere

There's still one remoteAudio. I'm not sure what it does. It seems it's
only used in tests...

* Run prettier

* Eliminate a stupid error

* Iterate

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* Update setupManualMocks.ts

* Iterate

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* delint

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* Iterate

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* Iterate

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* mocks

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* mocks

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* Iterate

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* Iterate

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* Simplify

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

* covg

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Richard van der Hoff <1389908+richvdh@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Telatynski <7t3chguy@gmail.com>
---
 jest.config.ts                                |   2 +-
 package.json                                  |   3 +-
 src/LegacyCallHandler.tsx                     | 130 ++++--------------
 src/Notifier.ts                               |  27 ++--
 src/audio/BackgroundAudio.ts                  |  74 ++++++++++
 .../models/VoiceBroadcastRecording.ts         |  12 +-
 test/LegacyCallHandler-test.ts                |  79 +++++++----
 test/Notifier-test.ts                         |  21 +++
 test/setup/mocks.ts                           |  35 +++++
 test/setup/setupManualMocks.ts                |   6 +
 .../models/VoiceBroadcastRecording-test.ts    |  25 +++-
 yarn.lock                                     |   5 +
 12 files changed, 255 insertions(+), 164 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/audio/BackgroundAudio.ts
 create mode 100644 test/setup/mocks.ts

diff --git a/jest.config.ts b/jest.config.ts
index 182c28f68a..7293e5b3be 100644
--- a/jest.config.ts
+++ b/jest.config.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const config: Config = {
     testEnvironment: "jsdom",
     testMatch: ["<rootDir>/test/**/*-test.[jt]s?(x)"],
     globalSetup: "<rootDir>/test/globalSetup.ts",
-    setupFiles: ["jest-canvas-mock"],
+    setupFiles: ["jest-canvas-mock", "web-streams-polyfill/polyfill"],
     setupFilesAfterEnv: ["<rootDir>/test/setupTests.ts"],
     moduleNameMapper: {
         "\\.(gif|png|ttf|woff2)$": "<rootDir>/__mocks__/imageMock.js",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 621cd74104..e3a4e7d4ce 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -227,7 +227,8 @@
         "stylelint-config-standard": "^36.0.0",
         "stylelint-scss": "^6.0.0",
         "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
-        "typescript": "5.5.2"
+        "typescript": "5.5.2",
+        "web-streams-polyfill": "^4.0.0"
     },
     "peerDependencies": {
         "postcss": "^8.4.19",
diff --git a/src/LegacyCallHandler.tsx b/src/LegacyCallHandler.tsx
index 7abdb236ae..7e5f23fc3f 100644
--- a/src/LegacyCallHandler.tsx
+++ b/src/LegacyCallHandler.tsx
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ import { localNotificationsAreSilenced } from "./utils/notifications";
 import { SdkContextClass } from "./contexts/SDKContext";
 import { showCantStartACallDialog } from "./voice-broadcast/utils/showCantStartACallDialog";
 import { isNotNull } from "./Typeguards";
+import { BackgroundAudio } from "./audio/BackgroundAudio";
 
 export const PROTOCOL_PSTN = "m.protocol.pstn";
 export const PROTOCOL_PSTN_PREFIXED = "im.vector.protocol.pstn";
@@ -157,8 +158,6 @@ export default class LegacyCallHandler extends EventEmitter {
     // Calls started as an attended transfer, ie. with the intention of transferring another
     // call with a different party to this one.
     private transferees = new Map<string, MatrixCall>(); // callId (target) -> call (transferee)
-    private audioPromises = new Map<AudioID, Promise<void>>();
-    private audioElementsWithListeners = new Map<HTMLMediaElement, boolean>();
     private supportsPstnProtocol: boolean | null = null;
     private pstnSupportPrefixed: boolean | null = null; // True if the server only support the prefixed pstn protocol
     private supportsSipNativeVirtual: boolean | null = null; // im.vector.protocol.sip_virtual and im.vector.protocol.sip_native
@@ -170,6 +169,9 @@ export default class LegacyCallHandler extends EventEmitter {
 
     private silencedCalls = new Set<string>(); // callIds
 
+    private backgroundAudio = new BackgroundAudio();
+    private playingSources: Record<string, AudioBufferSourceNode> = {}; // Record them for stopping
+
     public static get instance(): LegacyCallHandler {
         if (!window.mxLegacyCallHandler) {
             window.mxLegacyCallHandler = new LegacyCallHandler();
@@ -199,33 +201,11 @@ export default class LegacyCallHandler extends EventEmitter {
     }
 
     public start(): void {
-        // add empty handlers for media actions, otherwise the media keys
-        // end up causing the audio elements with our ring/ringback etc
-        // audio clips in to play.
-        if (navigator.mediaSession) {
-            navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("play", function () {});
-            navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("pause", function () {});
-            navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("seekbackward", function () {});
-            navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("seekforward", function () {});
-            navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("previoustrack", function () {});
-            navigator.mediaSession.setActionHandler("nexttrack", function () {});
-        }
-
         if (SettingsStore.getValue(UIFeature.Voip)) {
             MatrixClientPeg.safeGet().on(CallEventHandlerEvent.Incoming, this.onCallIncoming);
         }
 
         this.checkProtocols(CHECK_PROTOCOLS_ATTEMPTS);
-
-        // Add event listeners for the <audio> elements
-        Object.values(AudioID).forEach((audioId) => {
-            const audioElement = document.getElementById(audioId) as HTMLMediaElement;
-            if (audioElement) {
-                this.addEventListenersForAudioElement(audioElement);
-            } else {
-                logger.warn(`LegacyCallHandler: missing <audio id="${audioId}"> from page`);
-            }
-        });
     }
 
     public stop(): void {
@@ -233,27 +213,6 @@ export default class LegacyCallHandler extends EventEmitter {
         if (cli) {
             cli.removeListener(CallEventHandlerEvent.Incoming, this.onCallIncoming);
         }
-
-        // Remove event listeners for the <audio> elements
-        Array.from(this.audioElementsWithListeners.keys()).forEach((audioElement) => {
-            this.removeEventListenersForAudioElement(audioElement);
-        });
-    }
-
-    private addEventListenersForAudioElement(audioElement: HTMLMediaElement): void {
-        // Only need to setup the listeners once
-        if (!this.audioElementsWithListeners.get(audioElement)) {
-            MEDIA_EVENT_TYPES.forEach((errorEventType) => {
-                audioElement.addEventListener(errorEventType, this);
-                this.audioElementsWithListeners.set(audioElement, true);
-            });
-        }
-    }
-
-    private removeEventListenersForAudioElement(audioElement: HTMLMediaElement): void {
-        MEDIA_EVENT_TYPES.forEach((errorEventType) => {
-            audioElement.removeEventListener(errorEventType, this);
-        });
     }
 
     /* istanbul ignore next (remove if we start using this function for things other than debug logging) */
@@ -465,74 +424,37 @@ export default class LegacyCallHandler extends EventEmitter {
         return this.transferees.get(callId);
     }
 
-    public play(audioId: AudioID): void {
+    public async play(audioId: AudioID): Promise<void> {
         const logPrefix = `LegacyCallHandler.play(${audioId}):`;
         logger.debug(`${logPrefix} beginning of function`);
-        // TODO: Attach an invisible element for this instead
-        // which listens?
-        const audio = document.getElementById(audioId) as HTMLMediaElement;
-        if (audio) {
-            this.addEventListenersForAudioElement(audio);
-            const playAudio = async (): Promise<void> => {
-                try {
-                    if (audio.muted) {
-                        logger.error(
-                            `${logPrefix} <audio> element was unexpectedly muted but we recovered ` +
-                                `gracefully by unmuting it`,
-                        );
-                        // Recover gracefully
-                        audio.muted = false;
-                    }
 
-                    // This still causes the chrome debugger to break on promise rejection if
-                    // the promise is rejected, even though we're catching the exception.
-                    logger.debug(`${logPrefix} attempting to play audio at volume=${audio.volume}`);
-                    await audio.play();
-                    logger.debug(`${logPrefix} playing audio successfully`);
-                } catch (e) {
-                    // This is usually because the user hasn't interacted with the document,
-                    // or chrome doesn't think so and is denying the request. Not sure what
-                    // we can really do here...
-                    // https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/7657
-                    logger.warn(`${logPrefix} unable to play audio clip`, e);
-                }
-            };
-            if (this.audioPromises.has(audioId)) {
-                this.audioPromises.set(
-                    audioId,
-                    this.audioPromises.get(audioId)!.then(() => {
-                        audio.load();
-                        return playAudio();
-                    }),
-                );
-            } else {
-                this.audioPromises.set(audioId, playAudio());
-            }
-        } else {
-            logger.warn(`${logPrefix} unable to find <audio> element for ${audioId}`);
-        }
+        const audioInfo: Record<AudioID, [prefix: string, loop: boolean]> = {
+            [AudioID.Ring]: [`./media/ring`, true],
+            [AudioID.Ringback]: [`./media/ringback`, true],
+            [AudioID.CallEnd]: [`./media/callend`, false],
+            [AudioID.Busy]: [`./media/busy`, false],
+        };
+
+        const [urlPrefix, loop] = audioInfo[audioId];
+        const source = await this.backgroundAudio.pickFormatAndPlay(urlPrefix, ["mp3", "ogg"], loop);
+        this.playingSources[audioId] = source;
+        logger.debug(`${logPrefix} playing audio successfully`);
     }
 
     public pause(audioId: AudioID): void {
         const logPrefix = `LegacyCallHandler.pause(${audioId}):`;
         logger.debug(`${logPrefix} beginning of function`);
-        // TODO: Attach an invisible element for this instead
-        // which listens?
-        const audio = document.getElementById(audioId) as HTMLMediaElement;
-        const pauseAudio = (): void => {
-            logger.debug(`${logPrefix} pausing audio`);
-            // pause doesn't return a promise, so just do it
-            audio.pause();
-        };
-        if (audio) {
-            if (this.audioPromises.has(audioId)) {
-                this.audioPromises.set(audioId, this.audioPromises.get(audioId)!.then(pauseAudio));
-            } else {
-                pauseAudio();
-            }
-        } else {
-            logger.warn(`${logPrefix} unable to find <audio> element for ${audioId}`);
+
+        const source = this.playingSources[audioId];
+        if (!source) {
+            logger.debug(`${logPrefix} audio not playing`);
+            return;
         }
+
+        source.stop();
+        delete this.playingSources[audioId];
+
+        logger.debug(`${logPrefix} paused audio`);
     }
 
     private matchesCallForThisRoom(call: MatrixCall): boolean {
diff --git a/src/Notifier.ts b/src/Notifier.ts
index bdd2d6aeb1..fbe3add75b 100644
--- a/src/Notifier.ts
+++ b/src/Notifier.ts
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ import ToastStore from "./stores/ToastStore";
 import { VoiceBroadcastChunkEventType, VoiceBroadcastInfoEventType } from "./voice-broadcast";
 import { getSenderName } from "./utils/event/getSenderName";
 import { stripPlainReply } from "./utils/Reply";
+import { BackgroundAudio } from "./audio/BackgroundAudio";
 
 /*
  * Dispatches:
@@ -112,6 +113,8 @@ class NotifierClass {
     private toolbarHidden?: boolean;
     private isSyncing?: boolean;
 
+    private backgroundAudio = new BackgroundAudio();
+
     public notificationMessageForEvent(ev: MatrixEvent): string | null {
         const msgType = ev.getContent().msgtype;
         if (msgType && msgTypeHandlers.hasOwnProperty(msgType)) {
@@ -226,28 +229,14 @@ class NotifierClass {
             return;
         }
 
+        // Play notification sound here
         const sound = this.getSoundForRoom(room.roomId);
         logger.log(`Got sound ${(sound && sound.name) || "default"} for ${room.roomId}`);
 
-        try {
-            const selector = document.querySelector<HTMLAudioElement>(
-                sound ? `audio[src='${sound.url}']` : "#messageAudio",
-            );
-            let audioElement = selector;
-            if (!audioElement) {
-                if (!sound) {
-                    logger.error("No audio element or sound to play for notification");
-                    return;
-                }
-                audioElement = new Audio(sound.url);
-                if (sound.type) {
-                    audioElement.type = sound.type;
-                }
-                document.body.appendChild(audioElement);
-            }
-            await audioElement.play();
-        } catch (ex) {
-            logger.warn("Caught error when trying to fetch room notification sound:", ex);
+        if (sound) {
+            await this.backgroundAudio.play(sound.url);
+        } else {
+            await this.backgroundAudio.pickFormatAndPlay("media/message", ["mp3", "ogg"]);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/audio/BackgroundAudio.ts b/src/audio/BackgroundAudio.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7a03f2a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/audio/BackgroundAudio.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/logger";
+
+import { createAudioContext } from "./compat";
+
+const formatMap = {
+    mp3: "audio/mpeg",
+    ogg: "audio/ogg",
+};
+
+export class BackgroundAudio {
+    private audioContext = createAudioContext();
+    private sounds: Record<string, AudioBuffer> = {};
+
+    public async pickFormatAndPlay<F extends Array<keyof typeof formatMap>>(
+        urlPrefix: string,
+        formats: F,
+        loop = false,
+    ): Promise<AudioBufferSourceNode> {
+        const format = this.pickFormat(...formats);
+        if (!format) {
+            console.log("Browser doesn't support any of the formats", formats);
+            // Will probably never happen. If happened, format="" and will fail to load audio. Who cares...
+        }
+
+        return this.play(`${urlPrefix}.${format}`, loop);
+    }
+
+    public async play(url: string, loop = false): Promise<AudioBufferSourceNode> {
+        if (!this.sounds.hasOwnProperty(url)) {
+            // No cache, fetch it
+            const response = await fetch(url);
+            if (response.status != 200) {
+                logger.warn("Failed to fetch error audio");
+            }
+            const buffer = await response.arrayBuffer();
+            const sound = await this.audioContext.decodeAudioData(buffer);
+            this.sounds[url] = sound;
+        }
+        const source = this.audioContext.createBufferSource();
+        source.buffer = this.sounds[url];
+        source.loop = loop;
+        source.connect(this.audioContext.destination);
+        source.start();
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    private pickFormat<F extends Array<keyof typeof formatMap>>(...formats: F): F[number] | null {
+        // Detect supported formats
+        const audioElement = document.createElement("audio");
+
+        for (const format of formats) {
+            if (audioElement.canPlayType(formatMap[format])) {
+                return format;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording.ts b/src/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording.ts
index c36e3f75b3..da45a50f88 100644
--- a/src/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording.ts
+++ b/src/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import { VoiceBroadcastChunkEvents } from "../utils/VoiceBroadcastChunkEvents";
 import { RelationsHelper, RelationsHelperEvent } from "../../events/RelationsHelper";
 import { createReconnectedListener } from "../../utils/connection";
 import { localNotificationsAreSilenced } from "../../utils/notifications";
+import { BackgroundAudio } from "../../audio/BackgroundAudio";
 
 export enum VoiceBroadcastRecordingEvent {
     StateChanged = "liveness_changed",
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ export class VoiceBroadcastRecording
     private reconnectedListener: ClientEventHandlerMap[ClientEvent.Sync];
     private roomId: string;
     private infoEventId: string;
+    private backgroundAudio = new BackgroundAudio();
 
     /**
      * Broadcast chunks have a sequence number to bring them in the correct order and to know if a message is missing.
@@ -346,15 +348,7 @@ export class VoiceBroadcastRecording
             return;
         }
 
-        // Audio files are added to the document in Element Web.
-        // See <audio> elements in https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/blob/develop/src/vector/index.html
-        const audioElement = document.querySelector<HTMLAudioElement>("audio#errorAudio");
-
-        try {
-            await audioElement?.play();
-        } catch (e) {
-            logger.warn("error playing 'errorAudio'", e);
-        }
+        await this.backgroundAudio.pickFormatAndPlay("./media/error", ["mp3", "ogg"]);
     }
 
     private async uploadFile(chunk: ChunkRecordedPayload): ReturnType<typeof uploadFile> {
diff --git a/test/LegacyCallHandler-test.ts b/test/LegacyCallHandler-test.ts
index 8e54ac0490..005119cb7b 100644
--- a/test/LegacyCallHandler-test.ts
+++ b/test/LegacyCallHandler-test.ts
@@ -28,16 +28,18 @@ import { CallEvent, CallState, CallType, MatrixCall } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/we
 import EventEmitter from "events";
 import { mocked } from "jest-mock";
 import { CallEventHandlerEvent } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/webrtc/callEventHandler";
+import fetchMock from "fetch-mock-jest";
+import { waitFor } from "@testing-library/react";
 
 import LegacyCallHandler, {
-    LegacyCallHandlerEvent,
     AudioID,
+    LegacyCallHandlerEvent,
     PROTOCOL_PSTN,
     PROTOCOL_PSTN_PREFIXED,
     PROTOCOL_SIP_NATIVE,
     PROTOCOL_SIP_VIRTUAL,
 } from "../src/LegacyCallHandler";
-import { stubClient, mkStubRoom, untilDispatch } from "./test-utils";
+import { mkStubRoom, stubClient, untilDispatch } from "./test-utils";
 import { MatrixClientPeg } from "../src/MatrixClientPeg";
 import DMRoomMap from "../src/utils/DMRoomMap";
 import SdkConfig from "../src/SdkConfig";
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ import { VoiceBroadcastInfoState, VoiceBroadcastPlayback, VoiceBroadcastRecordin
 import { mkVoiceBroadcastInfoStateEvent } from "./voice-broadcast/utils/test-utils";
 import { SdkContextClass } from "../src/contexts/SDKContext";
 import Modal from "../src/Modal";
+import { createAudioContext } from "../src/audio/compat";
 
 jest.mock("../src/Modal");
 
@@ -72,6 +75,11 @@ jest.mock("../src/utils/room/getFunctionalMembers", () => ({
     getFunctionalMembers: jest.fn(),
 }));
 
+jest.mock("../src/audio/compat", () => ({
+    ...jest.requireActual("../src/audio/compat"),
+    createAudioContext: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
 // The Matrix IDs that the user sees when talking to Alice & Bob
 const NATIVE_ALICE = "@alice:example.org";
 const NATIVE_BOB = "@bob:example.org";
@@ -449,6 +457,20 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
     let audioElement: HTMLAudioElement;
     let fakeCall: MatrixCall | null;
 
+    const mockAudioBufferSourceNode = {
+        addEventListener: jest.fn(),
+        connect: jest.fn(),
+        start: jest.fn(),
+        stop: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    const mockAudioContext = {
+        decodeAudioData: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+        suspend: jest.fn(),
+        resume: jest.fn(),
+        createBufferSource: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(mockAudioBufferSourceNode),
+        currentTime: 1337,
+    };
+
     beforeEach(() => {
         stubClient();
         fakeCall = null;
@@ -464,6 +486,7 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
             throw new Error("Endpoint unsupported.");
         };
 
+        mocked(createAudioContext).mockReturnValue(mockAudioContext as unknown as AudioContext);
         callHandler = new LegacyCallHandler();
         callHandler.start();
 
@@ -506,6 +529,12 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
 
         SdkContextClass.instance.voiceBroadcastPlaybacksStore.clearCurrent();
         SdkContextClass.instance.voiceBroadcastRecordingsStore.clearCurrent();
+
+        fetchMock.get(
+            "/media/ring.mp3",
+            { body: new Blob(["1", "2", "3", "4"], { type: "audio/mpeg" }) },
+            { sendAsJson: false },
+        );
     });
 
     afterEach(() => {
@@ -520,6 +549,20 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
         SdkConfig.reset();
     });
 
+    it("should cache sounds between playbacks", async () => {
+        await callHandler.play(AudioID.Ring);
+        expect(mockAudioBufferSourceNode.start).toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(fetchMock.calls("/media/ring.mp3")).toHaveLength(1);
+        await callHandler.play(AudioID.Ring);
+        expect(fetchMock.calls("/media/ring.mp3")).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it("should allow silencing an incoming call ring", async () => {
+        await callHandler.play(AudioID.Ring);
+        await callHandler.silenceCall("call123");
+        expect(mockAudioBufferSourceNode.stop).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
     it("should still start a native call", async () => {
         callHandler.placeCall(NATIVE_ROOM_ALICE, CallType.Voice);
 
@@ -537,13 +580,6 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
     describe("incoming calls", () => {
         const roomId = "test-room-id";
 
-        const mockAudioElement = {
-            play: jest.fn(),
-            pause: jest.fn(),
-            addEventListener: jest.fn(),
-            removeEventListener: jest.fn(),
-            muted: false,
-        } as unknown as HTMLMediaElement;
         beforeEach(() => {
             jest.clearAllMocks();
             jest.spyOn(SettingsStore, "getValue").mockImplementation((setting) => setting === UIFeature.Voip);
@@ -571,8 +607,6 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
                 },
             };
 
-            jest.spyOn(document, "getElementById").mockReturnValue(mockAudioElement);
-
             // silence local notifications by default
             jest.spyOn(MatrixClientPeg.safeGet(), "getAccountData").mockImplementation((eventType) => {
                 if (eventType.includes(LOCAL_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS_PREFIX.name)) {
@@ -586,19 +620,6 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
             });
         });
 
-        it("should unmute <audio> before playing", () => {
-            // Test setup: set the audio element as muted
-            mockAudioElement.muted = true;
-            expect(mockAudioElement.muted).toStrictEqual(true);
-
-            callHandler.play(AudioID.Ring);
-
-            // Ensure audio is no longer muted
-            expect(mockAudioElement.muted).toStrictEqual(false);
-            // Ensure the audio was played
-            expect(mockAudioElement.play).toHaveBeenCalled();
-        });
-
         it("listens for incoming call events when voip is enabled", () => {
             const call = new MatrixCall({
                 client: MatrixClientPeg.safeGet(),
@@ -612,7 +633,7 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
             expect(callHandler.getCallForRoom(roomId)).toEqual(call);
         });
 
-        it("rings when incoming call state is ringing and notifications set to ring", () => {
+        it("rings when incoming call state is ringing and notifications set to ring", async () => {
             // remove local notification silencing mock for this test
             jest.spyOn(MatrixClientPeg.safeGet(), "getAccountData").mockReturnValue(undefined);
             const call = new MatrixCall({
@@ -627,8 +648,8 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
             expect(callHandler.getCallForRoom(roomId)).toEqual(call);
             call.emit(CallEvent.State, CallState.Ringing, CallState.Connected, fakeCall!);
 
-            // ringer audio element started
-            expect(mockAudioElement.play).toHaveBeenCalled();
+            // ringer audio started
+            await waitFor(() => expect(mockAudioBufferSourceNode.start).toHaveBeenCalled());
         });
 
         it("does not ring when incoming call state is ringing but local notifications are silenced", () => {
@@ -645,7 +666,7 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
             call.emit(CallEvent.State, CallState.Ringing, CallState.Connected, fakeCall!);
 
             // ringer audio element started
-            expect(mockAudioElement.play).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+            expect(mockAudioBufferSourceNode.start).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
             expect(callHandler.isCallSilenced(call.callId)).toEqual(true);
         });
 
@@ -679,7 +700,7 @@ describe("LegacyCallHandler without third party protocols", () => {
             // call still silenced
             expect(callHandler.isCallSilenced(call.callId)).toEqual(true);
             // ringer not played
-            expect(mockAudioElement.play).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+            expect(mockAudioBufferSourceNode.start).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
         });
     });
 });
diff --git a/test/Notifier-test.ts b/test/Notifier-test.ts
index b59576ff61..a47b6cf5a4 100644
--- a/test/Notifier-test.ts
+++ b/test/Notifier-test.ts
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ jest.mock("../src/utils/notifications", () => ({
     createLocalNotificationSettingsIfNeeded: jest.fn(),
 }));
 
+jest.mock("../src/audio/compat", () => ({
+    ...jest.requireActual("../src/audio/compat"),
+    createAudioContext: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
 describe("Notifier", () => {
     const roomId = "!room1:server";
     const testEvent = mkEvent({
@@ -103,6 +108,19 @@ describe("Notifier", () => {
         });
     };
 
+    const mockAudioBufferSourceNode = {
+        addEventListener: jest.fn(),
+        connect: jest.fn(),
+        start: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    const mockAudioContext = {
+        decodeAudioData: jest.fn(),
+        suspend: jest.fn(),
+        resume: jest.fn(),
+        createBufferSource: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(mockAudioBufferSourceNode),
+        currentTime: 1337,
+    };
+
     beforeEach(() => {
         accountDataStore = {};
         mockClient = getMockClientWithEventEmitter({
@@ -144,6 +162,9 @@ describe("Notifier", () => {
             if (id) return new Room(id, mockClient, mockClient.getSafeUserId());
             return null;
         });
+
+        // @ts-ignore
+        Notifier.backgroundAudio.audioContext = mockAudioContext;
     });
 
     describe("triggering notification from events", () => {
diff --git a/test/setup/mocks.ts b/test/setup/mocks.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d298967d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/setup/mocks.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2024 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+export const mocks = {
+    AudioBufferSourceNode: {
+        connect: jest.fn(),
+        start: jest.fn(),
+    } as unknown as AudioBufferSourceNode,
+    AudioContext: {
+        close: jest.fn(),
+        createMediaElementSource: jest.fn(),
+        createMediaStreamDestination: jest.fn(),
+        createMediaStreamSource: jest.fn(),
+        createStreamTrackSource: jest.fn(),
+        createBufferSource: jest.fn((): AudioBufferSourceNode => ({ ...mocks.AudioBufferSourceNode })),
+        getOutputTimestamp: jest.fn(),
+        resume: jest.fn(),
+        setSinkId: jest.fn(),
+        suspend: jest.fn(),
+        decodeAudioData: jest.fn(),
+    },
+};
diff --git a/test/setup/setupManualMocks.ts b/test/setup/setupManualMocks.ts
index 7b35e721f0..fee482fdcf 100644
--- a/test/setup/setupManualMocks.ts
+++ b/test/setup/setupManualMocks.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import fetchMock from "fetch-mock-jest";
 import { TextDecoder, TextEncoder } from "util";
 import { Response } from "node-fetch";
 
+import { mocks } from "./mocks";
+
 // Stub ResizeObserver
 // @ts-ignore - we know it's a duplicate (that's why we're stubbing it)
 class ResizeObserver {
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ global.TextDecoder = TextDecoder;
 
 // prevent errors whenever a component tries to manually scroll.
 window.HTMLElement.prototype.scrollIntoView = jest.fn();
+window.HTMLAudioElement.prototype.canPlayType = jest.fn((format) => (format === "audio/mpeg" ? "probably" : ""));
 
 // set up fetch API mock
 fetchMock.config.overwriteRoutes = false;
@@ -87,3 +90,6 @@ window.fetch = fetchMock.sandbox();
 
 // @ts-ignore
 window.Response = Response;
+
+// set up AudioContext API mock
+global.AudioContext = jest.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({ ...mocks.AudioContext }));
diff --git a/test/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording-test.ts b/test/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording-test.ts
index 1298b1ff49..cac187b633 100644
--- a/test/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording-test.ts
+++ b/test/voice-broadcast/models/VoiceBroadcastRecording-test.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import {
     SyncState,
 } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
 import { EncryptedFile } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/types";
+import fetchMock from "fetch-mock-jest";
 
 import { uploadFile } from "../../../src/ContentMessages";
 import { createVoiceMessageContent } from "../../../src/utils/createVoiceMessageContent";
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ import {
 import { mkEvent, mkStubRoom, stubClient } from "../../test-utils";
 import dis from "../../../src/dispatcher/dispatcher";
 import { VoiceRecording } from "../../../src/audio/VoiceRecording";
+import { createAudioContext } from "../../../src/audio/compat";
 
 jest.mock("../../../src/voice-broadcast/audio/VoiceBroadcastRecorder", () => ({
     ...(jest.requireActual("../../../src/voice-broadcast/audio/VoiceBroadcastRecorder") as object),
@@ -79,6 +81,11 @@ jest.mock("../../../src/utils/createVoiceMessageContent", () => ({
     createVoiceMessageContent: jest.fn(),
 }));
 
+jest.mock("../../../src/audio/compat", () => ({
+    ...jest.requireActual("../../../src/audio/compat"),
+    createAudioContext: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
 describe("VoiceBroadcastRecording", () => {
     const roomId = "!room:example.com";
     const uploadedUrl = "mxc://example.com/vb";
@@ -198,6 +205,19 @@ describe("VoiceBroadcastRecording", () => {
         });
     };
 
+    const mockAudioBufferSourceNode = {
+        addEventListener: jest.fn(),
+        connect: jest.fn(),
+        start: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    const mockAudioContext = {
+        decodeAudioData: jest.fn(),
+        suspend: jest.fn(),
+        resume: jest.fn(),
+        createBufferSource: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(mockAudioBufferSourceNode),
+        currentTime: 1337,
+    };
+
     beforeEach(() => {
         client = stubClient();
         room = mkStubRoom(roomId, "Test Room", client);
@@ -265,6 +285,8 @@ describe("VoiceBroadcastRecording", () => {
 
             return null;
         });
+
+        mocked(createAudioContext).mockReturnValue(mockAudioContext as unknown as AudioContext);
     });
 
     afterEach(() => {
@@ -546,12 +568,13 @@ describe("VoiceBroadcastRecording", () => {
                 beforeEach(() => {
                     mocked(client.sendMessage).mockRejectedValue("Error");
                     emitFirsChunkRecorded();
+                    fetchMock.get("media/error.mp3", 200);
                 });
 
                 itShouldBeInState("connection_error");
 
                 it("should play a notification", () => {
-                    expect(audioElement.play).toHaveBeenCalled();
+                    expect(mockAudioBufferSourceNode.start).toHaveBeenCalled();
                 });
 
                 describe("and the connection is back", () => {
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 9ccb6e170f..47fec0fbfc 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -9230,6 +9230,11 @@ walker@^1.0.8:
   dependencies:
     makeerror "1.0.12"
 
+web-streams-polyfill@^4.0.0:
+  version "4.0.0"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/web-streams-polyfill/-/web-streams-polyfill-4.0.0.tgz#74cedf168339ee6e709532f76c49313a8c7acdac"
+  integrity sha512-0zJXHRAYEjM2tUfZ2DiSOHAa2aw1tisnnhU3ufD57R8iefL+DcdJyRBRyJpG+NUimDgbTI/lH+gAE1PAvV3Cgw==
+
 web-vitals@^4.0.1:
   version "4.2.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/web-vitals/-/web-vitals-4.2.0.tgz#008949ab79717a68ccaaa3c4371cbc7bbbd78a92"