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Merge pull request #263 from JRC-T2/main 

Expanded Dark-Web taxonomy developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC)
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Alexandre Dulaunoy 2023-04-14 16:44:56 +02:00 committed by GitHub
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dark-web/machinetag.json
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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
{ {
"namespace": "dark-web", "namespace": "dark-web",
"expanded": "Dark Web", "expanded": "Dark Web",
"description": "Criminal motivation on the dark web: A categorisation model for law enforcement. ref: Janis Dalins, Campbell Wilson, Mark Carman. Taxonomy updated by MISP Project", "description": "Criminal motivation and content detection the dark web: A categorisation model for law enforcement. ref: Janis Dalins, Campbell Wilson, Mark Carman. Taxonomy updated by MISP Project and extended by the JRC (Joint Research Centre) of the European Commission.",
"version": 4, "version": 5,
"predicates": [ "predicates": [
{ {
"value": "topic", "value": "topic",
@ -18,6 +18,16 @@
"value": "structure", "value": "structure",
"description": "Structure of the materials tagged", "description": "Structure of the materials tagged",
"expanded": "Structure" "expanded": "Structure"
},
{
"value": "service",
"description": "Information related to an Dark-Web service",
"expanded": "Service"
},
{
"value": "content",
"description": "Identifiable entities and information contained in a Dark-Web service",
"expanded": "Content"
} }
], ],
"values": [ "values": [
@ -26,182 +36,182 @@
"entry": [ "entry": [
{ {
"value": "drugs-narcotics", "value": "drugs-narcotics",
"expanded": "Drugs/Narcotics", "expanded": "drugsNarcotics",
"description": "Illegal drugs/chemical compounds for consumption/ingestion - either via blanket unlawfulness (e.g. proscribed drugs) or via unlawful access (e.g. prescription-only/restricted medications sold without lawful accessibility)." "description": "Illegal drugs/chemical compounds for consumption/ingestion - either via blanket unlawfulness (e.g. proscribed drugs) or via unlawful access (e.g. prescription-only/restricted medications sold without lawful accessibility)."
}, },
{ {
"value": "electronics", "value": "electronics",
"expanded": "Electronics", "expanded": "electronics",
"description": "Electronics and high tech materials, described or to sell for example." "description": "Electronics and high tech materials, described or to sell for example."
}, },
{ {
"value": "finance", "value": "finance",
"expanded": "Finance", "expanded": "finance",
"description": "Any monetary/currency/exchangeable materials. Includes carding, Paypal etc." "description": "Any monetary/currency/exchangeable materials. Includes carding, Paypal etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "finance-crypto", "value": "finance-crypto",
"expanded": "CryptoFinance", "expanded": "cryptoFinance",
"description": "Any monetary/currency/exchangeable materials based on cryptocurrencies. Includes Bitcoin, Litecoin etc." "description": "Any monetary/currency/exchangeable materials based on cryptocurrencies. Includes Bitcoin, Litecoin etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "credit-card", "value": "credit-card",
"expanded": "Credit-Card", "expanded": "creditCard",
"description": "Credit cards and payments materials" "description": "Credit cards and payments materials"
}, },
{ {
"value": "cash-in", "value": "cash-in",
"expanded": "Cash-in", "expanded": "cashIn",
"description": "Buying parts of assets, conversion from liquid assets, currency, etc." "description": "Buying parts of assets, conversion from liquid assets, currency, etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "cash-out", "value": "cash-out",
"expanded": "Cash-out", "expanded": "cashOut",
"description": "Selling parts of assets, conversion to liquid assets, currency, etc." "description": "Selling parts of assets, conversion to liquid assets, currency, etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "escrow", "value": "escrow",
"expanded": "Escrow", "expanded": "escrow",
"description": "Third party keeping assets in behalf of two other parties making a transactions." "description": "Third party keeping assets in behalf of two other parties making a transactions."
}, },
{ {
"value": "hacking", "value": "hacking",
"expanded": "Hacking", "expanded": "hacking",
"description": "Materials relating to the illegal access to or alteration of data and/or electronic services." "description": "Materials relating to the illegal access to or alteration of data and/or electronic services."
}, },
{ {
"value": "identification-credentials", "value": "identification-credentials",
"expanded": "Identification/Credentials", "expanded": "identificationCredentials",
"description": "Materials used for providing/establishing identification with third parties. Examples include passports, driver licenses and login credentials." "description": "Materials used for providing/establishing identification with third parties. Examples include passports, driver licenses and login credentials."
}, },
{ {
"value": "intellectual-property-copyright-materials", "value": "intellectual-property-copyright-materials",
"expanded": "Intellectual Property/Copyright Materials", "expanded": "intellectualPropertyCopyrightMaterials",
"description": "Otherwise lawful materials stored, transferred or made available without consent of their legal rights holders." "description": "Otherwise lawful materials stored, transferred or made available without consent of their legal rights holders."
}, },
{ {
"value": "pornography-adult", "value": "pornography-adult",
"expanded": "Pornography - Adult", "expanded": "pornographyAdult",
"description": "Lawful, ethical pornography (i.e. involving only consenting adults)." "description": "Lawful, ethical pornography (i.e. involving only consenting adults)."
}, },
{ {
"value": "pornography-child-exploitation", "value": "pornography-child-exploitation",
"expanded": "Pornography - Child (Child Exploitation)", "expanded": "pornographyChild(ChildExploitation)",
"description": "Child abuse materials (aka child pornography), including 'fantasy' fiction materials, CGI. Also includes the provision/offering of child abuse materials and/or activities" "description": "Child abuse materials (aka child pornography), including 'fantasy' fiction materials, CGI. Also includes the provision/offering of child abuse materials and/or activities"
}, },
{ {
"value": "pornography-illicit-or-illegal", "value": "pornography-illicit-or-illegal",
"expanded": "Pornography - Illicit or Illegal", "expanded": "pornographyIllicitOrIllegal",
"description": "Illegal pornography NOT including children/child abuse. Includes bestiality, stolen/revenge porn, hidden cameras etc." "description": "Illegal pornography NOT including children/child abuse. Includes bestiality, stolen/revenge porn, hidden cameras etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "search-engine-index", "value": "search-engine-index",
"expanded": "Search Engine/Index", "expanded": "searchEngineIndex",
"description": "Site providing links/references to other sites/services. Referred to as a ‘nexus’ by (Moore and Rid, 2016)" "description": "Site providing links/references to other sites/services. Referred to as a ‘nexus’ by (Moore and Rid, 2016)"
}, },
{ {
"value": "unclear", "value": "unclear",
"expanded": "Unclear", "expanded": "unclear",
"description": "Unable to completely establish topic of material." "description": "Unable to completely establish topic of material."
}, },
{ {
"value": "extremism", "value": "extremism",
"expanded": "Extremism", "expanded": "extremism",
"description": "Illegal or ‘of concern’ levels of extremist ideology. Note this does not provide blanket coverage of fundamentalist ideologies and dogma - only those associated with illegal acts. Socialist/anarchist/religious materials (for example) will not be included unless inclusive or indicative of associated illegal conduct, such as hate crimes." "description": "Illegal or ‘of concern’ levels of extremist ideology. Note this does not provide blanket coverage of fundamentalist ideologies and dogma - only those associated with illegal acts. Socialist/anarchist/religious materials (for example) will not be included unless inclusive or indicative of associated illegal conduct, such as hate crimes."
}, },
{ {
"value": "violence", "value": "violence",
"expanded": "Violence", "expanded": "violence",
"description": "Materials relating to violence against persons or property." "description": "Materials relating to violence against persons or property."
}, },
{ {
"value": "weapons", "value": "weapons",
"expanded": "Weapons", "expanded": "weapons",
"description": "Materials specifically associated with materials and/or items for use in violent acts against persons or property. Examples include firearms and bomb-making ingredients." "description": "Materials specifically associated with materials and/or items for use in violent acts against persons or property. Examples include firearms and bomb-making ingredients."
}, },
{ {
"value": "softwares", "value": "softwares",
"expanded": "Softwares", "expanded": "softwares",
"description": "Illegal or armful software distribution" "description": "Illegal or armful software distribution"
}, },
{ {
"value": "counteir-feit-materials", "value": "counteir-feit-materials",
"expanded": "Counter-feit materials", "expanded": "counterFeitMaterials",
"description": "Fake identification papers." "description": "Fake identification papers."
}, },
{ {
"value": "gambling", "value": "gambling",
"expanded": "Gambling", "expanded": "gambling",
"description": "Games involving money" "description": "Games involving money"
}, },
{ {
"value": "library", "value": "library",
"expanded": "Library", "expanded": "library",
"description": "Library or list of books" "description": "Library or list of books"
}, },
{ {
"value": "other-not-illegal", "value": "other-not-illegal",
"expanded": "Other not illegal", "expanded": "otherNotIllegal",
"description": "Material not of interest to law enforcement - e.g. personal sites, Facebook mirrors." "description": "Material not of interest to law enforcement - e.g. personal sites, Facebook mirrors."
}, },
{ {
"value": "legitimate", "value": "legitimate",
"expanded": "Legitimate", "expanded": "legitimate",
"description": "Legitimate websites" "description": "Legitimate websites"
}, },
{ {
"value": "chat", "value": "chat",
"expanded": "Chats platforms", "expanded": "chatsPlatforms",
"description": "Chats space or equivalent, which are not forums" "description": "Chats space or equivalent, which are not forums"
}, },
{ {
"value": "mixer", "value": "mixer",
"expanded": "Mixer", "expanded": "mixer",
"description": "Anonymization tools for crypto-currencies transactions" "description": "Anonymization tools for crypto-currencies transactions"
}, },
{ {
"value": "mystery-box", "value": "mystery-box",
"expanded": "Mystery-Box", "expanded": "mysteryBox",
"description": "Mystery Box seller" "description": "Mystery Box seller"
}, },
{ {
"value": "anonymizer", "value": "anonymizer",
"expanded": "Anonymizer", "expanded": "anonymizer",
"description": "Anonymization tools" "description": "Anonymization tools"
}, },
{ {
"value": "vpn-provider", "value": "vpn-provider",
"expanded": "VPN-Provider", "expanded": "vpnProvider",
"description": "Provides VPN services and related" "description": "Provides VPN services and related"
}, },
{ {
"value": "email-provider", "value": "email-provider",
"expanded": "EMail-Provider", "expanded": "emailProvider",
"description": "Provides e-mail services and related" "description": "Provides e-mail services and related"
}, },
{ {
"value": "ponies", "value": "ponies",
"expanded": "Ponies", "expanded": "ponies",
"description": "self-explanatory. It's ponies" "description": "self-explanatory. It's ponies"
}, },
{ {
"value": "games", "value": "games",
"expanded": "Games", "expanded": "games",
"description": "Flash or online games" "description": "Flash or online games"
}, },
{ {
"value": "parody", "value": "parody",
"expanded": "Parody or Joke", "expanded": "parodyOrJoke",
"description": "Meme, Parody, Jokes, Trolling, ..." "description": "Meme, Parody, Jokes, Trolling, ..."
}, },
{ {
"value": "whistleblower", "value": "whistleblower",
"expanded": "Whistleblower", "expanded": "whistleblower",
"description": "Exposition and sharing of confidential information with protection of the witness in mind" "description": "Exposition and sharing of confidential information with protection of the witness in mind"
}, },
{ {
"value": "ransomware-group", "value": "ransomware-group",
"expanded": "Ransomware Group", "expanded": "ransomwareGroup",
"description": "Ransomware group PR or leak website" "description": "Ransomware group PR or leak website"
} }
] ]
@ -211,92 +221,92 @@
"entry": [ "entry": [
{ {
"value": "education-training", "value": "education-training",
"expanded": "Education & Training", "expanded": "educationTraining",
"description": "Materials providing instruction - e.g. ‘how to’ guides" "description": "Materials providing instruction - e.g. ‘how to’ guides"
}, },
{ {
"value": "wiki", "value": "wiki",
"expanded": "Wiki", "expanded": "wiki",
"description": "Wiki pages, documentation and information display" "description": "Wiki pages, documentation and information display"
}, },
{ {
"value": "forum", "value": "forum",
"expanded": "Forum", "expanded": "forum",
"description": "Sites specifically designed for multiple users to communicate as peers" "description": "Sites specifically designed for multiple users to communicate as peers"
}, },
{ {
"value": "file-sharing", "value": "file-sharing",
"expanded": "File Sharing", "expanded": "fileSharing",
"description": "General file sharing, typically (but not limited to) movie/image sharing" "description": "General file sharing, typically (but not limited to) movie/image sharing"
}, },
{ {
"value": "hosting", "value": "hosting",
"expanded": "Hosting", "expanded": "hosting",
"description": "Hosting providers, e-mails, websites, file-storage etc." "description": "Hosting providers, e-mails, websites, file-storage etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "ddos-services", "value": "ddos-services",
"expanded": "DDoS-Services", "expanded": "ddosServices",
"description": "Stresser, Booter, DDoSer, DDoS as a Service provider, DDoS tools, etc." "description": "Stresser, Booter, DDoSer, DDoS as a Service provider, DDoS tools, etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "general", "value": "general",
"expanded": "General", "expanded": "general",
"description": "Materials not covered by the other motivations. Typically, materials of a nature not of interest to law enforcement. For example, personal biography sites." "description": "Materials not covered by the other motivations. Typically, materials of a nature not of interest to law enforcement. For example, personal biography sites."
}, },
{ {
"value": "information-sharing-reportage", "value": "information-sharing-reportage",
"expanded": "Information Sharing/Reportage", "expanded": "InformationSharingReportage",
"description": "Journalism/reporting on topics. Can include biased coverage, but obvious propaganda materials are covered by Recruitment/Advocacy." "description": "Journalism/reporting on topics. Can include biased coverage, but obvious propaganda materials are covered by Recruitment/Advocacy."
}, },
{ {
"value": "scam", "value": "scam",
"expanded": "Scam", "expanded": "scam",
"description": "Intentional confidence trick to fraud people or group of people" "description": "Intentional confidence trick to fraud people or group of people"
}, },
{ {
"value": "political-speech", "value": "political-speech",
"expanded": "Political-Speech", "expanded": "politicalSpeech",
"description": "Political, activism, without extremism." "description": "Political, activism, without extremism."
}, },
{ {
"value": "conspirationist", "value": "conspirationist",
"expanded": "Conspirationist", "expanded": "conspirationist",
"description": "Conspirationist content, fake news, etc." "description": "Conspirationist content, fake news, etc."
}, },
{ {
"value": "hate-speech", "value": "hate-speech",
"expanded": "Hate-Speech", "expanded": "hateSpeech",
"description": "Racism, violent, hate... speech." "description": "Racism, violent, hate... speech."
}, },
{ {
"value": "religious", "value": "religious",
"expanded": "Religious", "expanded": "religious",
"description": "Religious, faith, doctrinal related content." "description": "Religious, faith, doctrinal related content."
}, },
{ {
"value": "marketplace-for-sale", "value": "marketplace-for-sale",
"expanded": "Marketplace/For Sale", "expanded": "marketplaceForSale",
"description": "Services/goods for sale, regardless of means of payment." "description": "Services/goods for sale, regardless of means of payment."
}, },
{ {
"value": "smuggling", "value": "smuggling",
"expanded": "Smuggling", "expanded": "smuggling",
"description": "Information or trading of wild animals, prohibited goods, ... " "description": "Information or trading of wild animals, prohibited goods, ... "
}, },
{ {
"value": "recruitment-advocacy", "value": "recruitment-advocacy",
"expanded": "Recruitment/Advocacy", "expanded": "recruitmentAdvocacy",
"description": "Propaganda" "description": "Propaganda"
}, },
{ {
"value": "system-placeholder", "value": "system-placeholder",
"expanded": "System/Placeholder", "expanded": "systemPlaceholder",
"description": "Automatically generated content, not designed for any identifiable purpose other than diagnostics - e.g. “It Works” message provided by default by Apache2" "description": "Automatically generated content, not designed for any identifiable purpose other than diagnostics - e.g. “It Works” message provided by default by Apache2"
}, },
{ {
"value": "unclear", "value": "unclear",
"expanded": "Unclear", "expanded": "unclear",
"description": "Unable to completely establish motivation of material." "description": "Unable to completely establish motivation of material."
} }
] ]
@ -306,55 +316,165 @@
"entry": [ "entry": [
{ {
"value": "incomplete", "value": "incomplete",
"expanded": "Incomplete websites or information", "expanded": "incomplete",
"description": "Websites and pages that are unable to load completely properly" "description": "Websites and pages that are unable to load completely properly"
}, },
{ {
"value": "captcha", "value": "captcha",
"expanded": "Captcha and Solvers", "expanded": "captcha",
"description": "Captchas and solvers elements" "description": "Captchas and solvers elements"
}, },
{ {
"value": "login-forms", "value": "login-forms",
"expanded": "Logins forms and gates", "expanded": "loginForms",
"description": "Authentication pages, login page, login forms that block access to an internal part of a website." "description": "Authentication pages, login page, login forms that block access to an internal part of a website."
}, },
{ {
"value": "contact-forms", "value": "contact-forms",
"expanded": "Contact forms and gates", "expanded": "contactForms",
"description": "Forms to perform a contact request, send an e-mail, fill information, enter a password, ..." "description": "Forms to perform a contact request, send an e-mail, fill information, enter a password, ..."
}, },
{ {
"value": "encryption-keys", "value": "encryption-keys",
"expanded": "Encryption and decryption keys", "expanded": "encryptionKeys",
"description": "e.g. PGP Keys, passwords, ..." "description": "e.g. PGP Keys, passwords, ..."
}, },
{ {
"value": "police-notice", "value": "police-notice",
"expanded": "Police Notice", "expanded": "policeNotice",
"description": "Closed websites, with police-equivalent banners" "description": "Closed websites, with police-equivalent banners"
}, },
{ {
"value": "legal-statement", "value": "legal-statement",
"expanded": "Legal-Statement", "expanded": "legalStatement",
"description": "RGPD statement, Privacy-policy, guidelines of a websites or forum..." "description": "RGPD statement, Privacy-policy, guidelines of a websites or forum..."
}, },
{ {
"value": "test", "value": "test",
"expanded": "Test", "expanded": "test",
"description": "Test websites without any real consequences or effects" "description": "Test websites without any real consequences or effects"
}, },
{ {
"value": "videos", "value": "videos",
"expanded": "Videos", "expanded": "videos",
"description": "Videos and streaming" "description": "Videos and streaming"
}, },
{ {
"value": "unclear", "value": "unclear",
"expanded": "Unclear", "expanded": "unclear",
"description": "Unable to completely establish structure of material." "description": "Unable to completely establish structure of material."
} }
] ]
},
{
"predicate": "service",
"entry": [
{
"value": "url",
"expanded": "url",
"description": "Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a dark-web. The url should indicate a protocol (http), a hostname (www.example.com), and a file name (index.html). Example: http://www.example.com/index.html"
},
{
"value": "content-type",
"expanded": "contentType",
"description": "Content-Type representaton headerused to indicate the original media type of the resource (prior to any content encoding applied for sending). https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Type"
},
{
"value": "path",
"expanded": "path",
"description": "The URL path is the string of information that comes after the top level domain name "
},
{
"value": "detection-date",
"expanded": "detectionDate",
"description": "Date in which the dark-web was detected. The date should be in ISO 8601 format. Example: 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
{
"value": "network-protocol",
"expanded": "networkProtocol",
"description": "Network protocol used to access the dark-web site (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS)"
},
{
"value": "port",
"expanded": "port",
"description": "Port number where the dark-web service is being offered"
},
{
"value": "network",
"expanded": "network",
"description": "Overlay network (darknet) that host the service or content"
},
{
"value": "found-at",
"expanded": "foundAt",
"description": "Domain or service where the dark-web where found at"
}
]
},
{
"predicate": "content",
"entry": [
{
"value": "sha1sum",
"expanded": "sha1sum",
"description": "SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) hash of the HTML or objectName content"
},
{
"value": "sha256sum",
"expanded": "sha256sum",
"description": "SHA-256 hash of the HTML or objectName content"
},
{
"value": "ssdeep",
"expanded": "ssdeep",
"description": "ssdeep fuzzy hash of the HTML or objectName content"
},
{
"value": "language",
"expanded": "language",
"description": "Detected language of the service in ISO 639‑1 Code. Example: en"
},
{
"value": "html",
"expanded": "html",
"description": "HyperText Markup Language (HTML) used in a website"
},
{
"value": "css",
"expanded": "css",
"description": "CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) used in a dark-web site"
},
{
"value": "text",
"expanded": "text",
"description": "Content of the dark-web service without HTML tags"
},
{
"value": "page-title",
"expanded": "pageTitle",
"description": "HTML <title> tag content of a dark-web site"
},
{
"value": "phone-number",
"expanded": "phoneNumber",
"description": "Phone number identified in the dark-web site"
},
{
"value": "creditCard",
"expanded": "creditCard",
"description": "Credit card identified in the dark-web site"
},
{
"value": "email",
"expanded": "email",
"description": "Email address identified in the dark-web site"
},
{
"value": "pgp-public-key-block",
"expanded": "pgpPublicKeyBlock",
"description": "PGP public key block identified in the dark-web site"
}
]
} }
] ]
} }