mirror of https://github.com/MISP/misp-training
369 lines
12 KiB
TeX
369 lines
12 KiB
TeX
% DO NOT COMPILE THIS FILE DIRECTLY!
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\begin{frame}
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\titlepage
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{The aim of this presentation}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Why is {\bf contextualisation} important?
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\item What options do we have in MISP?
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\item How can we {\bf leverage} this in the end?
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{The growing need to contextualise data}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Contextualisation became more and more important as we as a community matured
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Growth and diversification} of our communities
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\item Distinguish between information of interest and raw data
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\item {\bf False-positive} management
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\item TTPs and aggregate information may be prevalent compared to raw data (risk assessment)
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\item {\bf Increased data volumes} leads to a need to be able to prioritise
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\end{itemize}
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\item These help with filtering your TI based on your {\bf requirements}...
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\item ...as highlighted by Pasquale Stirparo \textit{Your Requirements Are Not My Requirements}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Objectives}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Some main objectives we want to achieve when producing data
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Ensure that the information is {\bf consumable} by everybody
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\item That it is {\bf useful} to the entire target audience
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\item The data is {\bf contextualised} for it to be understood by everyone
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\end{itemize}
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\item What we ideally want from our data
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\begin{itemize}
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\item We want to be able to {\bf filter} data for different use-cases
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\item We want to be able to get as much knowledge out of the data as possible
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\item We want to know where the data is from, how it got there, why we should care
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Different layers of context}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Context added by analysts / tools
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\item Data that tells a story
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\item Encoding analyst knowledge to automatically leverage the above
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Context added by analysts / tools}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Expressing why data-points matter}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item An IP address by itself is barely ever interesting
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\item We need to tell the recipient / machine why this is relevant
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\item All data in MISP has a bare minimum required context
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\item We differentiate between indicators and supporting data
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Broadening the scope of what sort of context we are interested in}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Who} can receive our data? {\bf What} can they do with it?
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\item {\bf Data accuracy, source reliability}
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\item {\bf Why} is this data relevant to us?
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\item {\bf Who} do we think is behind it, {\bf what tools} were used?
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\item What sort of {\bf motivations} are we dealing with? Who are the {\bf targets}?
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\item How can we {\bf block/detect/remediate} the attack?
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\item What sort of {\bf impact} are we dealing with?
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Tagging and taxonomies}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Simple labels
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\item Standardising on vocabularies
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\item Different organisational/community cultures require different nomenclatures
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\item Triple tag system - taxonomies
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\item JSON libraries that can easily be defined without our intervention
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\end{itemize}
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\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{taxonomy-workflow.png}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Galaxies}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Taxonomy tags often {\bf non self-explanatory}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Example: universal understanding of tlp:green vs APT 28
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\end{itemize}
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\item For the latter, a single string was ill-suited
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\item So we needed something new in addition to taxonomies - \textbf{Galaxies}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Community driven \textbf{knowledge-base libraries used as tags}
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\item Including descriptions, links, synonyms, meta information, etc.
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\item Goal was to keep it \textbf{simple and make it reusable}
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\item Internally it works the exact same way as taxonomies (stick to \textbf{JSON})
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\hspace{10em}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{galaxy-ransomware.png}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{The emergence of ATT\&CK and similar galaxies}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Standardising on high-level {\bf TTPs} was a solution to a long list of issues
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\item Adoption was rapid, tools producing ATT\&CK data, familiar interface for users
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\item A much better take on kill-chain phases in general
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\item Feeds into our {\bf filtering} and {\bf situational awareness} needs extremely well
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\item Gave rise to other, ATT\&CK-like systems tackling other concerns
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf attck4fraud} \footnote{\url{https://www.misp-project.org/galaxy.html\#_attck4fraud}} by Francesco Bigarella from ING
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\item {\bf Election guidelines} \footnote{\url{https://www.misp-project.org/galaxy.html\#_election_guidelines}} by NIS Cooperation Group
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Data that tells a story}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{More complex data-structures for a modern age}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Atomic attributes were a great starting point, but lacking in many aspects
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\item {\bf MISP objects}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/MISP/misp-objects}} system
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Simple {\bf templating} approach
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\item Use templating to build more complex structures
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\item Decouple it from the core, allow users to {\bf define their own} structures
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\item MISP should understand the data without knowing the templates
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\item Massive caveat: {\bf Building blocks have to be MISP attribute types}
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\item Allow {\bf relationships} to be built between objects
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Supporting specific datamodels}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.24]{bankaccount.png}
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\end{center}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.18]{bankview.png}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Continuous feedback loop}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Data shared was {\bf frozen in time}
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\item All we had was a creation/modification timestamp
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\item Improved tooling and willingness allowed us to create a {\bf feedback loop}
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\item Lead to the introduction of the {\bf Sighting system}
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\item Signal the fact of an indicator sighting...
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\item ...as well as {\bf when} and {\bf where} it was sighted
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\item Vital component for IoC {\bf lifecycle management}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Continuous feedback loop (2)}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{sighting-n.png}
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\end{center}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.60]{Sightings2.PNG}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{A brief history of time - Adding temporality to our data}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item As Andreas said - no time based aspect was painful
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\item Recently introduced {\bf \texttt{first\_seen}} and {\bf \texttt{last\_seen}} data points
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\item Along with a complete integration with the {\bf UI}
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\item Enables the {\bf visualisation} and {\bf adjustment} of indicators timeframes
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{timeline-misp-overview.png}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\section{The various ways of encoding analyst knowledge to automatically leverage our TI}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{False positive handling}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Low quality / false positive prone information being shared
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\item Lead to {\bf alert-fatigue}
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\item Exclude organisation xy out of the community?
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\item FPs are often obvious - {\bf can be encoded}
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\item {\bf Warninglist system}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/MISP/misp-warninglists}} aims to do that
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\item Lists of well-known indicators which are often false-positives like RFC1918 networks, ...
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\end{itemize}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.22]{warning-list.png}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{warning-list-event.png}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Making use of all this context}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Providing advanced ways of querying data
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Unified export APIs
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\item Incorporating all contextualisation options into {\bf API filters}
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\item Allowing for an {\bf on-demand} way of {\bf excluding potential false positives}
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\item Allowing users to easily {\bf build their own} export modules feed their various tools
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{Example query}
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\texttt{/attributes/restSearch}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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{
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"returnFormat": "netfilter",
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"enforceWarninglist": 1,
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"tags": {
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"NOT": [
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"tlp:white",
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"type:OSINT"
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],
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"OR": [
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"misp-galaxy:threat-actor=\"Sofacy\"",
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"misp-galaxy:sector=\"Chemical\""
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],
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}
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}
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{Example query to generate ATT\&CK heatmaps}
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\texttt{/events/restSearch}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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{
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"returnFormat": "attack",
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"tags": [
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"misp-galaxy:sector=\"Chemical\""
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],
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"timestamp": "365d"
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}
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{A sample result for the above query}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{attack-screenshot.png}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Monitor trends outside of MISP (example: dashboard)}
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{dashboard-trendings.png}
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\end{center}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Decaying of indicators}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item We were still missing a way to use all of these systems in combination to decay indicators
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\item Move the decision making \textbf{from complex filter options to} complex \textbf{decay models}
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\item Decay models would take into account various available {\bf context}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Taxonomies
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\item Sightings
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\item type of each indicator
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\item Creation date
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\item ...
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Implementation in MISP: \texttt{Event/view}}
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\includegraphics[width=1.00\linewidth]{decaying-event.png}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \texttt{Decay score} toggle button
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Shows Score for each \textit{Models} associated to the \textit{Attribute} type
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{Implementation in MISP: API result}
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\texttt{/attributes/restSearch}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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"Attribute": [
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{
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"category": "Network activity",
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"type": "ip-src",
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"to_ids": true,
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"timestamp": "1565703507",
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[...]
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"value": "8.8.8.8",
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"decay_score": [
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{
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"score": 54.475223849544456,
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"decayed": false,
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"DecayingModel": {
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"id": "85",
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"name": "NIDS Simple Decaying Model"
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}
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}
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],
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[...]
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{To sum it all up...}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Massive rise in {\bf user capabilities}
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\item Growing need for truly {\bf actionable threat intel}
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\item Lessons learned:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item {\bf Context is king} - Enables better decision making
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\item {\bf Intelligence and situational awareness} are natural by-products of context
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\item Don't lock users into your {\bf workflows}, build tools that enable theirs
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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\frametitle{Get in touch if you have any questions}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Contact us
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \url{https://twitter.com/mokaddem_sami}
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\item \url{https://twitter.com/iglocska}
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\end{itemize}
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\item Contact CIRCL
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\begin{itemize}
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\item info@circl.lu
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\item \url{https://twitter.com/circl_lu}
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\item \url{https://www.circl.lu/}
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\end{itemize}
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\item Contact MISPProject
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \url{https://github.com/MISP}
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\item \url{https://gitter.im/MISP/MISP}
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\item \url{https://twitter.com/MISPProject}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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