mirror of https://github.com/MISP/misp-training
437 lines
18 KiB
TeX
437 lines
18 KiB
TeX
% DO NOT COMPILE THIS FILE DIRECTLY!
|
|
% This is included by the other .tex files.
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}[t,plain]
|
|
\titlepage
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Plan for this session}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Explanation of the CSIRT use case for information sharing and what CIRCL does
|
|
\item Building an information sharing community and best practices\footnote{We published the complete guidelines in \url{https://www.x-isac.org/assets/images/guidelines_to_set-up_an_ISAC.pdf}}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Communities operated by CIRCL}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item As a CSIRT, CIRCL operates a wide range of communities
|
|
\item We use it as an {\bf internal tool} to cover various day-to-day activities
|
|
\item Whilst being the main driving force behind the development, we're also one of the largest consumers
|
|
\item Different communities have different needs and restrictions
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Communities operated by CIRCL}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Private sector community
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Our largest sharing community
|
|
\item Over {\bf 900 organisations}
|
|
\item {\bf ~2000 users}
|
|
\item Functions as a central hub for a lot of sharing communities
|
|
\item Private organisations, Researchers, Various SoCs, some CSIRTs, etc
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item CSIRT community
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Tighter community
|
|
\item National CSIRTs, connections to international organisations, etc
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Communities operated by CIRCL}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Financial sector community
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Banks, payment processors, etc.
|
|
\item Sharing of {\bf mule accounts} and {\bf non-cyber threat infomartion}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item X-ISAC
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Bridging the gap} between the various sectorial and geographical ISACs
|
|
\item New, but ambitious initiative
|
|
\item Goal is to {\bf bootstrap the cross-sectorial sharing} along with building the infrastructure to enable sharing when needed
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Communities operated by CIRCL}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Coming up - the ATT\&CK EU community
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Work on attacker modelling
|
|
\item With the assistance of Mitre themselves
|
|
\item Unique opportunity to {\bf standardise on TTPs}
|
|
\item Looking for organisations that want to get involved!
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Communities supported by CIRCL}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item FIRST.org's MISP community
|
|
\item Telecom and Mobile operators' community
|
|
\item Various ad-hoc communities for exercises for example
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item The ENISA exercise for example
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Sharing Scenarios in MISP}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing can happen for {\bf many different reasons}. Let's see what we believe are the typical CSIRT scenarios
|
|
\item We can generally split these activities into 4 main groups when we're talking about traditional CSIRT tasks:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Core services
|
|
\item Proactive services
|
|
\item Advanced services
|
|
\item Sharing communities managed by CSIRTs for various tasks
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{CSIRT core services}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Incident response
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Internal storage} of incident response data
|
|
\item Sharing of indicators {\bf derived from incident response}
|
|
\item {\bf Correlating data} derived and using the built in analysis tools
|
|
\item {\bf Enrichment} services
|
|
\item {\bf Collaboration} with affected parties via MISP during IR
|
|
\item {\bf Co-ordination} and collaboration
|
|
\item {\bf Takedown} requests
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Alerting of information leaks (integration with {\bf AIL}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/CIRCL/AIL-framework}})
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{CSIRT proactive services}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Contextualising} both internal and external data
|
|
\item {\bf Collection} and {\bf dissimination} of data from various sources (including OSINT)
|
|
\item Storing, correlating and sharing own manual research ({\bf reversing, behavioural analysis})
|
|
\item Aggregating automated collection ({\bf sandboxing, honeypots, spamtraps, sensors})
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item MISP allows for the creation of {\bf internal MISP "clouds"}
|
|
\item Store {\bf large specialised datasets} (for example honeypot data)
|
|
\item MISP has {\bf interactions with} a large set of such {\bf tools} (Cuckoo, Mail2MISP, etc)
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Situational awareness} tools to monitor trends and adversary TTPs within my sector/geographical region (MISP-dashboard, built in statistics)
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{CSIRT proactive services - MISP dashboard}
|
|
\includegraphics[scale=0.18]{screenshots/dashboard-live.png}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{CSIRT proactive services - MISP dashboard}
|
|
\includegraphics[scale=0.18]{screenshots/dashboard-trendings.png}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{CSIRT advanced services}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Supporting {\bf forensic analysts}
|
|
\item Collaboration with {\bf law enforcement}
|
|
\item {\bf Vulnerability} information sharing
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Notifications} to the constituency about relevant vulnerabilities
|
|
\item {\bf Co-ordinating} with vendors for notifications (*)
|
|
\item Internal / closed community sharing of pentest results
|
|
\item We're planning on starting a series of hackathons to find
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{CSIRTs' management of sharing communities for constituent actions:}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Reporting} non-identifying information about incidents (such as outlined in NISD)
|
|
\item {\bf Seeking} and engaging in {\bf collaboration} with CSIRT or other parties during an incident
|
|
\item Pre-sharing information to {\bf request for help} / additional information from the community
|
|
\item {\bf Pseudo-anonymised sharing} through 3rd parties to {\bf avoid attribution} of a potential target
|
|
\item Building processes for {\bf other types of sharing} to get the community engaged and acquainted with the methodologies of sharing (mule account information, border control, etc)
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{A quick note on compliance...}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Collaboration with Deloitte as part of a CEF project for creating compliance documents
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Information sharing and cooperation {\bf enabled by GDPR}
|
|
\item How MISP enables stakeholders identified by the {\bf NISD} to perform key activities
|
|
\item {\bf AIL} and MISP
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item For more information: https://github.com/CIRCL/compliance
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Bringing different sharing communities together}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item We generally all {\bf end up sharing with peers that face similar threats}
|
|
\item Division is either {\bf sectorial or geographical}
|
|
\item So why even bother with trying to bridge these communities?
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Advantages of cross sectorial sharing}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Reuse of TTPs} across sectors
|
|
\item Being hit by something that {\bf another sector has faced before}
|
|
\item {\bf Hybrid threats} - how seemingly unrelated things may be interesting to correlate
|
|
\item Prepare other communities for the capability and {\bf culture of sharing} for when the need arises for them to reach out to CSIRT
|
|
\item Generally our field is ahead of several other sectors when it comes to information sharing, might as well {\bf spread the love}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{screenshots/sharing.jpeg}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Getting started with building your own sharing community}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Starting a sharing community is {\bf both easy and difficult} at the same time
|
|
\item Many moving parts and most importantly, you'll be dealing with a {\bf diverse group of people}
|
|
\item Understanding and working with your constituents to help them face their challenges is key
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Getting started with building your own sharing community}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item When you are starting out - you are in a unique position to drive the community and set best practices...
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{screenshots/power-responsibility.png}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Running a sharing community using MISP - How to get going?}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Different models for constituents
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Connecting to} a MISP instance hosted by a CSIRT
|
|
\item {\bf Hosting} their own instance and connecting to CSIRT's MISP
|
|
\item {\bf Becoming member} of a sectorial MISP community that is connected to CSIRT's community
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Planning ahead for future growth
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Estimating requirements
|
|
\item Deciding early on common vocabularies
|
|
\item Offering services through MISP
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Rely on our instincts to immitate over expecting adherence to rules}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Lead by example} - the power of immitation
|
|
\item Encourage {\bf improving by doing} instead of blocking sharing with unrealistic quality controls
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item What should the information look like?
|
|
\item How should it be contextualise
|
|
\item What do you consider as useful information?
|
|
\item What tools did you use to get your conclusions?
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Side effect is that you will end up {\bf raising the capabilities of your constituents}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{What counts as valuable data?}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing comes in many shapes and sizes
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing results / reports is the classical example
|
|
\item Sharing enhancements to existing data
|
|
\item Validating data / flagging false positives
|
|
\item Asking for support from the community
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Embrace all of them}. Even the ones that don't make sense right now, you never know when they come handy...
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{How to deal with organisations that only "leech"?}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item From our own communities, only about {\bf 30\%} of the organisations {\bf actively share data}
|
|
\item We have come across some communities with sharing requirements
|
|
\item In our experience, this sets you up for failure because:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Organisations losing access are the ones who would possibily benefit the most from it
|
|
\item Organisations that want to stay above the thresholds will start sharing junk / fake data
|
|
\item You lose organisations that might turn into valuable contributors in the future
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{So how does one convert the passive organisations into actively sharing ones?}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Rely on {\bf organic growth}
|
|
\item {\bf Help} them increase their capabilities
|
|
\item As mentioned before, lead by example
|
|
\item Rely on the inherent value to one's self when sharing information (validation, enrichments, correlations)
|
|
\item {\bf Give credit} where credit is due, never steal the contributions of your community (that is incredibly demotivating)
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Dispelling the myths around blockers when it comes to information sharing}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing difficulties are not really technical issues but often it's a matter of {\bf social interactions} (e.g. {\bf trust}).
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item You can play a role here: organise regular workshops, conferences, have face to face meetings
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Legal restrictions
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item "Our legal framework doesn't allow us to share information."
|
|
\item "Risk of information leak is too high and it's too risky for our organization or partners."
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Practical restrictions
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item "We don't have information to share."
|
|
\item "We don't have time to process or contribute indicators."
|
|
\item "Our model of classification doesn't fit your model."
|
|
\item "Tools for sharing information are tied to a specific format, we use a different one."
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Contextualising the information}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing {\bf technical information} is a {\bf great start}
|
|
\item However, to truly create valueable information for your community, always consider the context:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Your IDS might not care why it should alert on a rule
|
|
\item But your analysts will be interested in the threat landscape and the "big picture"
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Classify data to make sure your partners understand why it is {\bf important for you}, so they can see why it could be {\bf useful to them}
|
|
\item Massively important once an organisation has the maturity to filter the most critical {\bf subsets of information for their own defense}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Choice of vocabularies}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item MISP has a verify {\bf versatile system} (taxonomies) for classifying and marking data
|
|
\item However, this includes different vocabularies with obvious overlaps
|
|
\item MISP allows you to {\bf pick and choose vocabularies} to use and enforce in a community
|
|
\item Good idea to start with this process early
|
|
\item If you don't find what you're looking for:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Create your own (JSON format, no coding skills required)
|
|
\item If it makes sense, share it with us via a pull request for redistribution
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Shared libraries of meta-information (Galaxies)}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item The MISPProject in co-operation with partners provides a {\bf curated list of galaxy information}
|
|
\item Can include information packages of different types, for example:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Threat actor information
|
|
\item Specialised information such as Ransomware, Exploit kits, etc
|
|
\item Methodology information such as preventative actions
|
|
\item Classification systems for methodologies used by adversaries - ATT\&CK
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Consider improving the default libraries or contributing your own (simple JSON format)
|
|
\item If there is something you cannot share, run your own galaxies and {\bf share it out of bound} with partners
|
|
\item Pull requests are always welcome
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{False-positive handling}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item You might often fall into the trap of discarding seemingly "junk" data
|
|
\item Besides volume limitations (which are absolutely valid, fear of false-positives is the most common reason why people discard data) - Our recommendation:
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Be lenient when considering what to keep
|
|
\item Be strict when you are feeding tools
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item MISP allows you to {\bf filter out the relevant data on demand} when feeding protective tools
|
|
\item What may seem like {\bf junk to you may} be absolutely {\bf critical to other users}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Many objectives from different user-groups}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing indicators for a {\bf detection} matter.
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item 'Do I have infected systems in my infrastructure or the ones I operate?'
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing indicators to {\bf block}.
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item 'I use these attributes to block, sinkhole or divert traffic.'
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item Sharing indicators to {\bf perform intelligence}.
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item 'Gathering information about campaigns and attacks. Are they related? Who is targeting me? Who are the adversaries?'
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\item $\rightarrow$ These objectives can be conflicting (e.g. False-positives have different impacts)
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{False-positive handling}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item {\bf Analysts} will often be interested in the {\bf modus operandi} of threat actors over {\bf long periods of time}
|
|
\item Even cleaned up infected hosts might become interesting again (embedded in code, recurring reuse)
|
|
\item Use the tools provided to eliminate obvious false positives instead and limit your data-set to the most relevant sets
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{screenshots/false-positive.png}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Managing sub-communities}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Often within a community {\bf smaller bubbles of information sharing will form}
|
|
\item For example: Within a national private sector sharing community, specific community for financial institutions
|
|
\item Sharing groups serve this purpose mainly
|
|
\item As a CSIRT running a national community, consider bootstraping these sharing communities
|
|
\item Organisations can of course self-organise, but you are the ones with the know-how to get them started
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Managing sub-communities}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Consider compartmentalisation - does it make sense to move a secret squirrel club to their own sharing hub to avoid accidental leaks?
|
|
\item Use your {\bf best judgement} to decide which communities should be separated from one another
|
|
\item Create sharing hubs with {\bf manual data transfer} if needed
|
|
\item Some organisations will even have their data air-gapped - Feed system
|
|
\item {\bf Create guidance} on what should be shared outside of their bubbles - organisations often lack the insight / experience to decide how to get going. Take the initiative!
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|
|
|
|
\begin{frame}
|
|
\frametitle{Get in touch if you need some help to get started}
|
|
\begin{itemize}
|
|
\item Getting started with building a new community can be daunting. Feel free to get in touch with us if you have any questions!
|
|
\item Contact: info@circl.lu
|
|
\item \url{https://www.circl.lu/}
|
|
\item \url{https://github.com/MISP} - \url{https://gitter.im/MISP/MISP} - \url{https://twitter.com/MISPProject}
|
|
\end{itemize}
|
|
\end{frame}
|