misp-website/_pages/datamodels.md

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page	MISP data models - MISP core format - MISP taxonomies	/datamodels/	true

MISP is not only a software but also a series of data models created by the MISP community. MISP includes a simple and practical information sharing format expressed in JSON that can be used with MISP software or by any other software.

MISP Core Format

The MISP core format is a simple JSON format used by MISP and other tools to exchange events and attributes. The JSON schema 2.4 is described on the MISP core software and many sample files are available in the OSINT feed.

The MISP format is described as Internet-Draft in misp-rfc. The MISP format are described to support the developer or organisation willing to build your own tool supporting the MISP format (as import or export). The standard is built from practical use-cases and the implementation references within the MISP project. The standard is quickly evolving following the MISP implementation.

MISP default attributes and categories

Attribute Categories vs. Types

Category	Internal reference	Targeting data	Antivirus detection	Payload delivery	Artifacts dropped	Payload installation
md5				X	X	X
sha1				X	X	X
sha256				X	X	X
filename				X	X	X
pdb					X
filename|md5				X	X	X
filename|sha1				X	X	X
filename|sha256				X	X	X
ip-src				X
ip-dst				X
hostname				X
domain				X
domain|ip
email-src				X
email-dst				X
email-subject				X
email-attachment				X
email-body				X
float
url				X
http-method
user-agent				X
regkey					X
regkey|value					X
AS				X
snort
pattern-in-file				X	X	X
pattern-in-traffic				X		X
pattern-in-memory					X	X
yara				X	X	X
stix2-pattern				X	X	X
sigma				X	X	X
cookie					X
vulnerability				X		X
attachment			X	X	X	X
malware-sample				X	X	X
link	X		X	X
comment	X	X	X	X	X	X
text	X		X	X	X	X
hex	X		X	X	X	X
other	X		X	X	X	X
named pipe					X
mutex					X
target-user		X
target-email		X
target-machine		X
target-org		X
target-location		X
target-external		X
btc
iban
bic
bank-account-nr
aba-rtn
bin
cc-number
prtn
phone-number
threat-actor
campaign-name
campaign-id
malware-type				X		X
uri
authentihash				X	X	X
ssdeep				X	X	X
imphash				X	X	X
pehash				X		X
impfuzzy				X	X	X
sha224				X	X	X
sha384				X	X	X
sha512				X	X	X
sha512/224				X	X	X
sha512/256				X	X	X
tlsh				X		X
filename|authentihash				X	X	X
filename|ssdeep				X	X	X
filename|imphash				X	X	X
filename|impfuzzy				X	X	X
filename|pehash				X	X	X
filename|sha224				X	X	X
filename|sha384				X	X	X
filename|sha512				X	X	X
filename|sha512/224				X	X	X
filename|sha512/256				X	X	X
filename|tlsh				X	X	X
windows-scheduled-task					X
windows-service-name					X
windows-service-displayname					X
whois-registrant-email				X
whois-registrant-phone
whois-registrant-name
whois-registrant-org
whois-registrar
whois-creation-date
x509-fingerprint-sha1				X	X	X
x509-fingerprint-md5				X	X	X
x509-fingerprint-sha256				X	X	X
dns-soa-email
size-in-bytes
counter
datetime
cpe
port
ip-dst|port				X
ip-src|port				X
hostname|port				X
mac-address				X
mac-eui-64				X
email-dst-display-name				X
email-src-display-name				X
email-header				X
email-reply-to				X
email-x-mailer				X
email-mime-boundary				X
email-thread-index				X
email-message-id				X
github-username
github-repository
github-organisation
jabber-id
twitter-id
first-name
middle-name
last-name
date-of-birth
place-of-birth
gender
passport-number
passport-country
passport-expiration
redress-number
nationality
visa-number
issue-date-of-the-visa
primary-residence
country-of-residence
special-service-request
frequent-flyer-number
travel-details
payment-details
place-port-of-original-embarkation
place-port-of-clearance
place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination
passenger-name-record-locator-number
mobile-application-id				X		X
cortex
boolean

Category	Persistence mechanism	Network activity	Payload type	Attribution	External analysis	Financial fraud
md5					X
sha1					X
sha256					X
filename	X				X
pdb
filename|md5					X
filename|sha1					X
filename|sha256					X
ip-src		X			X
ip-dst		X			X
hostname		X			X
domain		X			X
domain|ip		X			X
email-src
email-dst		X
email-subject
email-attachment
email-body
float
url		X			X
http-method		X
user-agent		X			X
regkey	X				X
regkey|value	X				X
AS		X			X
snort		X			X
pattern-in-file		X			X
pattern-in-traffic		X			X
pattern-in-memory					X
yara
stix2-pattern		X
sigma
cookie		X
vulnerability					X
attachment		X			X
malware-sample					X
link					X
comment	X	X	X	X	X	X
text	X	X	X	X	X	X
hex	X	X				X
other	X	X	X	X	X	X
named pipe
mutex
target-user
target-email
target-machine
target-org
target-location
target-external
btc						X
iban						X
bic						X
bank-account-nr						X
aba-rtn						X
bin						X
cc-number						X
prtn						X
phone-number						X
threat-actor				X
campaign-name				X
campaign-id				X
malware-type
uri		X
authentihash
ssdeep
imphash
pehash
impfuzzy
sha224
sha384
sha512
sha512/224
sha512/256
tlsh
filename|authentihash
filename|ssdeep
filename|imphash
filename|impfuzzy
filename|pehash
filename|sha224
filename|sha384
filename|sha512
filename|sha512/224
filename|sha512/256
filename|tlsh
windows-scheduled-task
windows-service-name
windows-service-displayname
whois-registrant-email				X
whois-registrant-phone				X
whois-registrant-name				X
whois-registrant-org				X
whois-registrar				X
whois-creation-date				X
x509-fingerprint-sha1		X		X	X
x509-fingerprint-md5				X	X
x509-fingerprint-sha256				X	X
dns-soa-email				X
size-in-bytes
counter
datetime
cpe
port		X
ip-dst|port		X			X
ip-src|port		X			X
hostname|port
mac-address		X			X
mac-eui-64		X			X
email-dst-display-name
email-src-display-name
email-header
email-reply-to
email-x-mailer
email-mime-boundary
email-thread-index
email-message-id
github-username
github-repository					X
github-organisation
jabber-id
twitter-id
first-name
middle-name
last-name
date-of-birth
place-of-birth
gender
passport-number
passport-country
passport-expiration
redress-number
nationality
visa-number
issue-date-of-the-visa
primary-residence
country-of-residence
special-service-request
frequent-flyer-number
travel-details
payment-details
place-port-of-original-embarkation
place-port-of-clearance
place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination
passenger-name-record-locator-number
mobile-application-id
cortex					X
boolean

Category	Support Tool	Social network	Person	Other
md5
sha1
sha256
filename
pdb
filename|md5
filename|sha1
filename|sha256
ip-src
ip-dst
hostname
domain
domain|ip
email-src		X
email-dst		X
email-subject
email-attachment
email-body
float				X
url
http-method
user-agent
regkey
regkey|value
AS
snort
pattern-in-file
pattern-in-traffic
pattern-in-memory
yara
stix2-pattern
sigma
cookie
vulnerability
attachment	X
malware-sample
link	X
comment	X	X	X	X
text	X	X	X	X
hex	X			X
other	X	X	X	X
named pipe
mutex
target-user
target-email
target-machine
target-org
target-location
target-external
btc
iban
bic
bank-account-nr
aba-rtn
bin
cc-number
prtn
phone-number			X	X
threat-actor
campaign-name
campaign-id
malware-type
uri
authentihash
ssdeep
imphash
pehash
impfuzzy
sha224
sha384
sha512
sha512/224
sha512/256
tlsh
filename|authentihash
filename|ssdeep
filename|imphash
filename|impfuzzy
filename|pehash
filename|sha224
filename|sha384
filename|sha512
filename|sha512/224
filename|sha512/256
filename|tlsh
windows-scheduled-task
windows-service-name
windows-service-displayname
whois-registrant-email		X
whois-registrant-phone
whois-registrant-name
whois-registrant-org
whois-registrar
whois-creation-date
x509-fingerprint-sha1
x509-fingerprint-md5
x509-fingerprint-sha256
dns-soa-email
size-in-bytes				X
counter				X
datetime				X
cpe				X
port				X
ip-dst|port
ip-src|port
hostname|port
mac-address
mac-eui-64
email-dst-display-name
email-src-display-name
email-header
email-reply-to
email-x-mailer
email-mime-boundary
email-thread-index
email-message-id
github-username		X
github-repository		X
github-organisation		X
jabber-id		X
twitter-id		X
first-name			X
middle-name			X
last-name			X
date-of-birth			X
place-of-birth			X
gender			X
passport-number			X
passport-country			X
passport-expiration			X
redress-number			X
nationality			X
visa-number			X
issue-date-of-the-visa			X
primary-residence			X
country-of-residence			X
special-service-request			X
frequent-flyer-number			X
travel-details			X
payment-details			X
place-port-of-original-embarkation			X
place-port-of-clearance			X
place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination			X
passenger-name-record-locator-number			X
mobile-application-id
cortex
boolean				X

Categories

• Internal reference: Reference used by the publishing party (e.g. ticket number)
• Targeting data: Targeting information to include recipient email, infected machines, department, and or locations.
• Antivirus detection: List of anti-virus vendors detecting the malware or information on detection performance (e.g. 13/43 or 67%). Attachment with list of detection or link to VirusTotal could be placed here as well.
• Payload delivery: Information about the way the malware payload is initially delivered, for example information about the email or web-site, vulnerability used, originating IP etc. Malware sample itself should be attached here.
• Artifacts dropped: Any artifact (files, registry keys etc.) dropped by the malware or other modifications to the system
• Payload installation: Location where the payload was placed in the system and the way it was installed. For example, a filename|md5 type attribute can be added here like this: c:\windows\system32\malicious.exe|41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.
• Persistence mechanism: Mechanisms used by the malware to start at boot. This could be a registry key, legitimate driver modification, LNK file in startup
• Network activity: Information about network traffic generated by the malware
• Payload type: Information about the final payload(s). Can contain a function of the payload, e.g. keylogger, RAT, or a name if identified, such as Poison Ivy.
• Attribution: Identification of the group, organisation, or country behind the attack
• External analysis: Any other result from additional analysis of the malware like tools output Examples: pdf-parser output, automated sandbox analysis, reverse engineering report.
• Financial fraud: Financial Fraud indicators, for example: IBAN Numbers, BIC codes, Credit card numbers, etc.
• Support Tool: Tools supporting analysis or detection of the event
• Social network: Social networks and platforms
• Person: A human being - natural person
• Other: Attributes that are not part of any other category or are meant to be used as a component in MISP objects in the future

Types

• md5: You are encouraged to use filename|md5 instead. A checksum in md5 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha1: You are encouraged to use filename|sha1 instead. A checksum in sha1 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha256: You are encouraged to use filename|sha256 instead. A checksum in sha256 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• filename: Filename
• pdb: Microsoft Program database (PDB) path information
• filename|md5: A filename and an md5 hash separated by a | (no spaces)
• filename|sha1: A filename and an sha1 hash separated by a | (no spaces)
• filename|sha256: A filename and an sha256 hash separated by a | (no spaces)
• ip-src: A source IP address of the attacker
• ip-dst: A destination IP address of the attacker or C&C server. Also set the IDS flag on when this IP is hardcoded in malware
• hostname: A full host/dnsname of an attacker. Also set the IDS flag on when this hostname is hardcoded in malware
• domain: A domain name used in the malware. Use this instead of hostname when the upper domain is important or can be used to create links between events.
• domain|ip: A domain name and its IP address (as found in DNS lookup) separated by a | (no spaces)
• email-src: The email address used to send the malware.
• email-dst: A recipient email address that is not related to your constituency.
• email-subject: The subject of the email
• email-attachment: File name of the email attachment.
• email-body: Email body
• float: A floating point value.
• url: url
• http-method: HTTP method used by the malware (e.g. POST, GET, ...).
• user-agent: The user-agent used by the malware in the HTTP request.
• regkey: Registry key or value
• regkey|value: Registry value + data separated by |
• AS: Autonomous system
• snort: An IDS rule in Snort rule-format. This rule will be automatically rewritten in the NIDS exports.
• pattern-in-file: Pattern in file that identifies the malware
• pattern-in-traffic: Pattern in network traffic that identifies the malware
• pattern-in-memory: Pattern in memory dump that identifies the malware
• yara: Yara signature
• stix2-pattern: STIX 2 pattern
• sigma: Sigma - Generic Signature Format for SIEM Systems
• cookie: HTTP cookie as often stored on the user web client. This can include authentication cookie or session cookie.
• vulnerability: A reference to the vulnerability used in the exploit
• attachment: Please upload files using the Upload Attachment button.
• malware-sample: Please upload files using the Upload Attachment button.
• link: Link to an external information
• comment: Comment or description in a human language. This will not be correlated with other attributes
• text: Name, ID or a reference
• hex: A value in hexadecimal format
• other: Other attribute
• named pipe: Named pipe, use the format .\pipe<PipeName>
• mutex: Mutex, use the format \BaseNamedObjects<Mutex>
• target-user: Attack Targets Username(s)
• target-email: Attack Targets Email(s)
• target-machine: Attack Targets Machine Name(s)
• target-org: Attack Targets Department or Organization(s)
• target-location: Attack Targets Physical Location(s)
• target-external: External Target Organizations Affected by this Attack
• btc: Bitcoin Address
• iban: International Bank Account Number
• bic: Bank Identifier Code Number also known as SWIFT-BIC, SWIFT code or ISO 9362 code
• bank-account-nr: Bank account number without any routing number
• aba-rtn: ABA routing transit number
• bin: Bank Identification Number
• cc-number: Credit-Card Number
• prtn: Premium-Rate Telephone Number
• phone-number: Telephone Number
• threat-actor: A string identifying the threat actor
• campaign-name: Associated campaign name
• campaign-id: Associated campaign ID
• malware-type:
• uri: Uniform Resource Identifier
• authentihash: You are encouraged to use filename|authentihash instead. Authenticode executable signature hash, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• ssdeep: You are encouraged to use filename|ssdeep instead. A checksum in the SSDeep format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• imphash: You are encouraged to use filename|imphash instead. A hash created based on the imports in the sample, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• pehash: PEhash - a hash calculated based of certain pieces of a PE executable file
• impfuzzy: You are encouraged to use filename|impfuzzy instead. A fuzzy hash created based on the imports in the sample, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha224: You are encouraged to use filename|sha224 instead. A checksum in sha224 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha384: You are encouraged to use filename|sha384 instead. A checksum in sha384 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha512: You are encouraged to use filename|sha512 instead. A checksum in sha512 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha512/224: You are encouraged to use filename|sha512/224 instead. A checksum in sha512/224 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• sha512/256: You are encouraged to use filename|sha512/256 instead. A checksum in sha512/256 format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• tlsh: You are encouraged to use filename|tlsh instead. A checksum in the Trend Micro Locality Sensitive Hash format, only use this if you don't know the correct filename
• filename|authentihash: A checksum in md5 format
• filename|ssdeep: A checksum in ssdeep format
• filename|imphash: Import hash - a hash created based on the imports in the sample.
• filename|impfuzzy: Import fuzzy hash - a fuzzy hash created based on the imports in the sample.
• filename|pehash: A filename and a PEhash separated by a |
• filename|sha224: A filename and a sha-224 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha384: A filename and a sha-384 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha512: A filename and a sha-512 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha512/224: A filename and a sha-512/224 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha512/256: A filename and a sha-512/256 hash separated by a |
• filename|tlsh: A filename and a Trend Micro Locality Sensitive Hash separated by a |
• windows-scheduled-task: A scheduled task in windows
• windows-service-name: A windows service name. This is the name used internally by windows. Not to be confused with the windows-service-displayname.
• windows-service-displayname: A windows service's displayname, not to be confused with the windows-service-name. This is the name that applications will generally display as the service's name in applications.
• whois-registrant-email: The e-mail of a domain's registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-phone: The phone number of a domain's registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-name: The name of a domain's registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-org: The org of a domain's registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrar: The registrar of the domain, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-creation-date: The date of domain's creation, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• x509-fingerprint-sha1: X509 fingerprint in SHA-1 format
• x509-fingerprint-md5: X509 fingerprint in MD5 format
• x509-fingerprint-sha256: X509 fingerprint in SHA-256 format
• dns-soa-email: RFC1035 mandates that DNS zones should have a SOA (Statement Of Authority) record that contains an email address where a PoC for the domain could be contacted. This can sometimes be used for attribution/linkage between different domains even if protected by whois privacy
• size-in-bytes: Size expressed in bytes
• counter: An integer counter, generally to be used in objects
• datetime: Datetime in the ISO 8601 format
• cpe: Common platform enumeration
• port: Port number
• ip-dst|port: IP destination and port number seperated by a |
• ip-src|port: IP source and port number seperated by a |
• hostname|port: Hostname and port number seperated by a |
• mac-address: Mac address
• mac-eui-64: Mac EUI-64 address
• email-dst-display-name: Email destination display name
• email-src-display-name: Email source display name
• email-header: Email header
• email-reply-to: Email reply to header
• email-x-mailer: Email x-mailer header
• email-mime-boundary: The email mime boundary separating parts in a multipart email
• email-thread-index: The email thread index header
• email-message-id: The email message ID
• github-username: A github user name
• github-repository: A github repository
• github-organisation: A github organisation
• jabber-id: Jabber ID
• twitter-id: Twitter ID
• first-name: First name of a natural person
• middle-name: Middle name of a natural person
• last-name: Last name of a natural person
• date-of-birth: Date of birth of a natural person (in YYYY-MM-DD format)
• place-of-birth: Place of birth of a natural person
• gender: The gender of a natural person (Male, Female, Other, Prefer not to say)
• passport-number: The passport number of a natural person
• passport-country: The country in which the passport was issued
• passport-expiration: The expiration date of a passport
• redress-number: The Redress Control Number is the record identifier for people who apply for redress through the DHS Travel Redress Inquiry Program (DHS TRIP). DHS TRIP is for travelers who have been repeatedly identified for additional screening and who want to file an inquiry to have erroneous information corrected in DHS systems
• nationality: The nationality of a natural person
• visa-number: Visa number
• issue-date-of-the-visa: The date on which the visa was issued
• primary-residence: The primary residence of a natural person
• country-of-residence: The country of residence of a natural person
• special-service-request: A Special Service Request is a function to an airline to provide a particular facility for A Passenger or passengers.
• frequent-flyer-number: The frequent flyer number of a passenger
• travel-details: Travel details
• payment-details: Payment details
• place-port-of-original-embarkation: The orignal port of embarkation
• place-port-of-clearance: The port of clearance
• place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination: A Port where the passenger is transiting to
• passenger-name-record-locator-number: The Passenger Name Record Locator is a key under which the reservation for a trip is stored in the system. The PNR contains, among other data, the name, flight segments and address of the passenger. It is defined by a combination of five or six letters and numbers.
• mobile-application-id: The application id of a mobile application
• cortex: Cortex analysis result
• boolean: Boolean value - to be used in objects

MISP objects

MISP objects are in addition to MISP attributes to allow advanced combinations of attributes. The creation of these objects and their associated attributes are based on real cyber security use-cases and existing practices in information sharing. MISP objects are standardised under a simple templating format and are automatically available in MISP. A series of relationships are also defined along with the objects which can be used to create relationships between objects.

The objects available can be browsed via the web site or downloaded as PDF or directly via the MISP software.

MISP Taxonomies

Along with the core format, MISP taxonomies provide a set of already defined classifications modeling estimative language, CSIRTs/CERTs classifications, national classifications or threat model classification. The fixed taxonomies provide a practical method to tag efficiently events and attributes within a set of MISP instances where taxonomies can be easily cherry-picked or extended to meet the local requirements of an organization or a specific sharing community. When using MISP, the MISP taxonomies are available and can be freely used based on the community practises.

The taxonomies can be browsed via the web site or downloaded as PDF or via the MISP software.

• Admiralty Scale
• adversary - description of an adversary infrastructure
• CIRCL Taxonomy - Schemes of Classification in Incident Response and Detection
• Cyber Kill Chain from Lockheed Martin
• DE German (DE) Government classification markings (VS)
• DHS CIIP Sectors
• eCSIRT and IntelMQ incident classification
• ENISA ENISA Threat Taxonomy
• Estimative Language Estimative Language (ICD 203)
• EU critical sectors - EU critical sectors
• EUCI - EU classified information marking
• Europol Incident - Europol class of incident taxonomy
• Europol Events - Europol type of events taxonomy
• FIRST CSIRT Case classification
• FIRST Information Exchange Policy (IEP) framework
• Information Security Indicators - ETSI GS ISI 001-1 (V1.1.2): ISI Indicators
• Information Security Marking Metadata from DNI (Director of National Intelligence - US)
• Malware classification based on a SANS document
• ms-caro-malware Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft's implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organiza tion (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology.
• NATO Classification Marking
• Open Threat Taxonomy v1.1 (SANS)
• OSINT Open Source Intelligence - Classification
• The Permissible Actions Protocol - or short: PAP - was designed to indicate how the received information can be used.
• TLP - Traffic Light Protocol
• Vocabulary for Event Recording and Incident Sharing VERIS

MISP Galaxy

MISP galaxy is a simple method to express a large object called cluster that can be attached to MISP events or attributes. A cluster can be composed of one or more elements. Elements are expressed as key-values. There are default vocabularies available in MISP galaxy but those can be overwritten, replaced or updated as you wish. Existing clusters and vocabularies can be used as-is or as a template. MISP distribution can be applied to each cluster to permit a limited or broader distribution scheme. Many MISP galaxy clusters are already available like Exploit-Kit, Microsoft Activity Group actor, Preventive Measure, Ransomware, TDS, Threat actor or Tool used by adversaries.

The galaxy can be browsed via the web site or downloaded as PDF or directly via the MISP software.