122 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
122 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
# Code Style
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## Formatting tools
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The Synapse codebase uses a number of code formatting tools in order to
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quickly and automatically check for formatting (and sometimes logical)
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errors in code.
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The necessary tools are:
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- [black](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/), a source code formatter;
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- [isort](https://pycqa.github.io/isort/), which organises each file's imports;
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- [ruff](https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff), which can spot common errors; and
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- [mypy](https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/), a type checker.
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See [the contributing guide](development/contributing_guide.md#run-the-linters) for instructions
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on how to install the above tools and run the linters.
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It's worth noting that modern IDEs and text editors can run these tools
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automatically on save. It may be worth looking into whether this
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functionality is supported in your editor for a more convenient
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development workflow. It is not, however, recommended to run `mypy`
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on save as it takes a while and can be very resource intensive.
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## General rules
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- **Naming**:
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- Use `CamelCase` for class and type names
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- Use underscores for `function_names` and `variable_names`.
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- **Docstrings**: should follow the [google code
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style](https://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings).
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See the
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[examples](http://sphinxcontrib-napoleon.readthedocs.io/en/latest/example_google.html)
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in the sphinx documentation.
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- **Imports**:
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- Imports should be sorted by `isort` as described above.
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- Prefer to import classes and functions rather than packages or
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modules.
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Example:
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```python
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from synapse.types import UserID
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...
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user_id = UserID(local, server)
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```
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is preferred over:
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```python
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from synapse import types
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...
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user_id = types.UserID(local, server)
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```
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(or any other variant).
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This goes against the advice in the Google style guide, but it
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means that errors in the name are caught early (at import time).
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- Avoid wildcard imports (`from synapse.types import *`) and
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relative imports (`from .types import UserID`).
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## Configuration code and documentation format
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When adding a configuration option to the code, if several settings are grouped into a single dict, ensure that your code
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correctly handles the top-level option being set to `None` (as it will be if no sub-options are enabled).
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The [configuration manual](usage/configuration/config_documentation.md) acts as a
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reference to Synapse's configuration options for server administrators.
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Remember that many readers will be unfamiliar with YAML and server
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administration in general, so it is important that when you add
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a configuration option the documentation be as easy to understand as possible, which
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includes following a consistent format.
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Some guidelines follow:
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- Each option should be listed in the config manual with the following format:
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- The name of the option, prefixed by `###`.
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- A comment which describes the default behaviour (i.e. what
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happens if the setting is omitted), as well as what the effect
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will be if the setting is changed.
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- An example setting, using backticks to define the code block
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For boolean (on/off) options, convention is that this example
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should be the *opposite* to the default. For other options, the example should give
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some non-default value which is likely to be useful to the reader.
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- There should be a horizontal rule between each option, which can be achieved by adding `---` before and
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after the option.
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- `true` and `false` are spelt thus (as opposed to `True`, etc.)
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Example:
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---
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### `modules`
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Use the `module` sub-option to add a module under `modules` to extend functionality.
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The `module` setting then has a sub-option, `config`, which can be used to define some configuration
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for the `module`.
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Defaults to none.
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Example configuration:
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```yaml
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modules:
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- module: my_super_module.MySuperClass
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config:
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do_thing: true
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- module: my_other_super_module.SomeClass
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config: {}
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```
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---
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Note that the sample configuration is generated from the synapse code
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and is maintained by a script, `scripts-dev/generate_sample_config.sh`.
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Making sure that the output from this script matches the desired format
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is left as an exercise for the reader!
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